[7.4.0] Let repo rule attributes reference extension apparent names

[bazel-io]

Forked from #23369

[bazel-io]

Cherry-pick was attempted but there were merge conflicts in the following file(s). Please resolve manually.

src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/bazel/bzlmod/ModuleExtensionEvalStarlarkThreadContext.java
src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/bazel/bzlmod/SingleExtensionEvalFunction.java
src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/bazel/bzlmod/ModuleExtensionResolutionTest.java
src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/bazel/bzlmod/TypeCheckedTagTest.java

cc: @bazelbuild/triage

[iancha1992]

Cherry-pick was attempted but there were merge conflicts in the following file(s). Please resolve manually.

src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/bazel/bzlmod/ModuleExtensionEvalStarlarkThreadContext.java src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/bazel/bzlmod/SingleExtensionEvalFunction.java src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/bazel/bzlmod/ModuleExtensionResolutionTest.java src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/bazel/bzlmod/TypeCheckedTagTest.java

cc: @bazelbuild/triage

cc: @fmeum @Wyverald @meteorcloudy

[fmeum]

@Wyverald Could you help cherry-pick this? It looks like there are a number of refactoring commits missing (AutoValue -> record, module thread context extraction, ...) but I don't know which ones exactly.

[Wyverald]

uh, apparently I already did that last week... 😅 #23585