diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 992a6a00e..9c867c05f 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -40,10 +40,7 @@ def get_version_data() -> dict:
         "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
         "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
     ]
-    + [
-        ("Programming Language :: Python :: %s" % x)
-        for x in "3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12".split()
-    ],
+    + [("Programming Language :: Python :: %s" % x) for x in "3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12".split()],
     project_urls={
         "Documentation": "https://splinter.readthedocs.io/",
         "Changelog": "https://github.com/cobrateam/splinter/tree/master/docs/news",
diff --git a/splinter/driver/__init__.py b/splinter/driver/__init__.py
index 8db227891..4ca3622df 100644
--- a/splinter/driver/__init__.py
+++ b/splinter/driver/__init__.py
@@ -263,8 +263,7 @@ def is_text_present(self, text: str, wait_time: Optional[int] = None) -> bool:
             bool: True if finds a match for the ``text`` and False if not.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError(
-            "%s doesn't support checking if some text is present in the html. "
-            % self.driver_name,
+            "%s doesn't support checking if some text is present in the html. " % self.driver_name,
         )
 
     def type(self, name: str, value: str, slowly: bool = False) -> str:  # NOQA: A003
@@ -385,8 +384,7 @@ def select(self, name: str, value: str) -> None:
             >>> browser.select("state", "NY")
         """
         raise NotImplementedError(
-            "%s doesn't support selecting options in 'select' element."
-            % self.driver_name,
+            "%s doesn't support selecting options in 'select' element." % self.driver_name,
         )
 
     def quit(self) -> None:  # NOQA: A003
@@ -408,8 +406,7 @@ def is_element_present_by_css(
             bool: True if the element is present and False if is not present.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError(
-            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is present by css"
-            % self.driver_name,
+            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is present by css" % self.driver_name,
         )
 
     def is_element_not_present_by_css(
@@ -427,8 +424,7 @@ def is_element_not_present_by_css(
             bool: True if the element is not present and False if is present.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError(
-            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is not present by css"
-            % self.driver_name,
+            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is not present by css" % self.driver_name,
         )
 
     def is_element_present_by_xpath(
@@ -446,8 +442,7 @@ def is_element_present_by_xpath(
             bool: True if the element is present and False if is not present.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError(
-            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is present by xpath"
-            % self.driver_name,
+            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is present by xpath" % self.driver_name,
         )
 
     def is_element_not_present_by_xpath(
@@ -465,8 +460,7 @@ def is_element_not_present_by_xpath(
             bool: True if the element is not present and False if is present.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError(
-            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is not present by xpath"
-            % self.driver_name,
+            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is not present by xpath" % self.driver_name,
         )
 
     def is_element_present_by_tag(
@@ -484,8 +478,7 @@ def is_element_present_by_tag(
             bool: True if the element is present and False if is not present.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError(
-            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is present by tag"
-            % self.driver_name,
+            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is present by tag" % self.driver_name,
         )
 
     def is_element_not_present_by_tag(
@@ -503,8 +496,7 @@ def is_element_not_present_by_tag(
             bool: True if the element is not present and False if is present.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError(
-            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is not present by tag"
-            % self.driver_name,
+            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is not present by tag" % self.driver_name,
         )
 
     def is_element_present_by_name(
@@ -522,8 +514,7 @@ def is_element_present_by_name(
             bool: True if the element is present and False if is not present.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError(
-            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is present by name"
-            % self.driver_name,
+            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is present by name" % self.driver_name,
         )
 
     def is_element_not_present_by_name(
@@ -541,8 +532,7 @@ def is_element_not_present_by_name(
             bool: True if the element is not present and False if is present.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError(
-            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is not present by name"
-            % self.driver_name,
+            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is not present by name" % self.driver_name,
         )
 
     def is_element_present_by_value(
@@ -560,8 +550,7 @@ def is_element_present_by_value(
             bool: True if the element is present and False if is not present.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError(
-            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is present by value"
-            % self.driver_name,
+            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is present by value" % self.driver_name,
         )
 
     def is_element_not_present_by_value(
@@ -579,8 +568,7 @@ def is_element_not_present_by_value(
             bool: True if the element is not present and False if is present.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError(
-            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is not present by value"
-            % self.driver_name,
+            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is not present by value" % self.driver_name,
         )
 
     def is_element_present_by_text(
@@ -598,8 +586,7 @@ def is_element_present_by_text(
             bool: True if the element is present and False if is not present.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError(
-            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is present by text"
-            % self.driver_name,
+            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is present by text" % self.driver_name,
         )
 
     def is_element_not_present_by_text(
@@ -617,8 +604,7 @@ def is_element_not_present_by_text(
             bool: True if the element is not present and False if is present.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError(
-            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is not present by text"
-            % self.driver_name,
+            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is not present by text" % self.driver_name,
         )
 
     def is_element_present_by_id(
@@ -636,8 +622,7 @@ def is_element_present_by_id(
             bool: True if the element is present and False if is not present.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError(
-            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is present by id"
-            % self.driver_name,
+            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is present by id" % self.driver_name,
         )
 
     def is_element_not_present_by_id(
@@ -655,8 +640,7 @@ def is_element_not_present_by_id(
             bool: True if the element is not present and False if is present.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError(
-            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is not present by id"
-            % self.driver_name,
+            "%s doesn't support verifying if element is not present by id" % self.driver_name,
         )
 
     def screenshot(
diff --git a/splinter/driver/djangoclient.py b/splinter/driver/djangoclient.py
index 0565c79f5..4eafd56b7 100644
--- a/splinter/driver/djangoclient.py
+++ b/splinter/driver/djangoclient.py
@@ -42,9 +42,7 @@ def __contains__(self, key):
 
     def __eq__(self, other_object):
         if isinstance(other_object, dict):
-            cookies_dict = {
-                key: morsel.value for key, morsel in self.driver.cookies.items()
-            }
+            cookies_dict = {key: morsel.value for key, morsel in self.driver.cookies.items()}
             return cookies_dict == other_object
         return False
 
diff --git a/splinter/driver/lxmldriver.py b/splinter/driver/lxmldriver.py
index 810a404d1..4d42578e7 100644
--- a/splinter/driver/lxmldriver.py
+++ b/splinter/driver/lxmldriver.py
@@ -111,9 +111,7 @@ def back(self):
             )
 
     def forward(self):
-        if (self._last_url_index >= 0) and (
-            self._last_url_index < len(self._last_urls) - 1
-        ):
+        if (self._last_url_index >= 0) and (self._last_url_index < len(self._last_urls) - 1):
             self._last_url_index += 1
             self._do_method(
                 "get",
diff --git a/splinter/driver/webdriver/__init__.py b/splinter/driver/webdriver/__init__.py
index 9390aeb6c..02edbd26c 100644
--- a/splinter/driver/webdriver/__init__.py
+++ b/splinter/driver/webdriver/__init__.py
@@ -200,10 +200,7 @@ def fset(self, value):
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return str(
-            [
-                Window(self._browser, handle)
-                for handle in self._browser.driver.window_handles
-            ],
+            [Window(self._browser, handle) for handle in self._browser.driver.window_handles],
         )
 
 
@@ -237,9 +234,7 @@ def _find(self, finder, finder_kwargs=None):
         pass
 
     if elements:
-        elem_list = [
-            self.element_class(element, self, finder_kwargs) for element in elements
-        ]
+        elem_list = [self.element_class(element, self, finder_kwargs) for element in elements]
 
     return elem_list
 
@@ -552,10 +547,7 @@ def fill_form(self, field_values, form_id=None, name=None, ignore_missing=False)
                 else:
                     elements = self.find_by_name(name)
                 element = elements.first
-                if (
-                    element["type"] in ["text", "password", "tel"]
-                    or element.tag_name == "textarea"
-                ):
+                if element["type"] in ["text", "password", "tel"] or element.tag_name == "textarea":
                     element.value = value
                 elif element["type"] == "checkbox":
                     if value:
diff --git a/splinter/driver/zopetestbrowser.py b/splinter/driver/zopetestbrowser.py
index 89e6964f7..0fee93c7b 100644
--- a/splinter/driver/zopetestbrowser.py
+++ b/splinter/driver/zopetestbrowser.py
@@ -233,9 +233,7 @@ def fill_form(self, field_values, form_id=None, name=None, ignore_missing=False)
                     else:
                         control.value = []
                 elif control.type == "radio":
-                    control.value = [
-                        option for option in control.options if option == value
-                    ]
+                    control.value = [option for option in control.options if option == value]
                 elif control.type == "select":
                     control.value = [value]
                 else:
diff --git a/splinter/meta.py b/splinter/meta.py
index 8cf8bc4f9..30e4bcb35 100644
--- a/splinter/meta.py
+++ b/splinter/meta.py
@@ -11,9 +11,7 @@ def __new__(
         dict: dict,
     ) -> type:  # NOQA: N804, A002
         """Metaclass that forces inheritance of docstrings."""
-        items_to_patch = [
-            (k, v) for k, v in dict.items() if not k.startswith("__") and not v.__doc__
-        ]
+        items_to_patch = [(k, v) for k, v in dict.items() if not k.startswith("__") and not v.__doc__]
         for name, obj in items_to_patch:
             doc = None
             for base in bases:
diff --git a/tests/element_does_not_exist.py b/tests/element_does_not_exist.py
index 9993fa3fa..ed1cde798 100644
--- a/tests/element_does_not_exist.py
+++ b/tests/element_does_not_exist.py
@@ -29,9 +29,7 @@ def test_element_list_contains_right_information_and_raises_right_exception(self
             self.assertEqual(".element-that-dont-exists", element_list.query)
             element_list.first
 
-        expected_message = (
-            'no elements could be found with css ".element-that-dont-exists"'
-        )
+        expected_message = 'no elements could be found with css ".element-that-dont-exists"'
 
         e = cm.exception
         self.assertEqual(expected_message, e.args[0])
@@ -48,9 +46,7 @@ def test_element_list_raises_when_element_first_doesnt_exists_in_element_context
             self.assertEqual(".inner-element-that-dont-exists", element_list.query)
             element_list.first
 
-        expected_message = (
-            'no elements could be found with css ".inner-element-that-dont-exists"'
-        )
+        expected_message = 'no elements could be found with css ".inner-element-that-dont-exists"'
 
         e = cm.exception
         self.assertEqual(expected_message, e.args[0])
diff --git a/tests/fake_webapp.py b/tests/fake_webapp.py
index 4c6587f9d..ccd5bab60 100644
--- a/tests/fake_webapp.py
+++ b/tests/fake_webapp.py
@@ -46,8 +46,7 @@ def check_auth(username, password):
 def authenticate():
     """Sends a 401 response that enables basic auth"""
     return Response(
-        "Could not verify your access level for that URL.\n"
-        "You have to login with proper credentials",
+        "Could not verify your access level for that URL.\n" "You have to login with proper credentials",
         401,
         {"WWW-Authenticate": 'Basic realm="Login Required"'},
     )
diff --git a/tests/test_djangoclient.py b/tests/test_djangoclient.py
index cc3bd1577..b43b84715 100644
--- a/tests/test_djangoclient.py
+++ b/tests/test_djangoclient.py
@@ -129,8 +129,7 @@ def test_links_with_nested_tags_xpath(self):
         self.assertEqual(
             len(links),
             1,
-            'Found not exactly one link with a span with text "BAR ONE". %s'
-            % [item.outer_html for item in links],
+            'Found not exactly one link with a span with text "BAR ONE". %s' % [item.outer_html for item in links],
         )
 
     def test_finding_all_links_by_non_ascii_text(self):
diff --git a/tests/test_flaskclient.py b/tests/test_flaskclient.py
index c8996f33c..cb16813e2 100644
--- a/tests/test_flaskclient.py
+++ b/tests/test_flaskclient.py
@@ -142,8 +142,7 @@ def test_links_with_nested_tags_xpath(self):
         self.assertEqual(
             len(links),
             1,
-            'Found not exactly one link with a span with text "BAR ONE". %s'
-            % [item.outer_html for item in links],
+            'Found not exactly one link with a span with text "BAR ONE". %s' % [item.outer_html for item in links],
         )
 
     def test_finding_all_links_by_non_ascii_text(self):
diff --git a/tests/test_zopetestbrowser.py b/tests/test_zopetestbrowser.py
index cb8d4ba35..1b9770843 100644
--- a/tests/test_zopetestbrowser.py
+++ b/tests/test_zopetestbrowser.py
@@ -138,8 +138,7 @@ def test_links_with_nested_tags_xpath(self):
         self.assertEqual(
             len(links),
             1,
-            'Found not exactly one link with a span with text "BAR ONE". %s'
-            % [item.outer_html for item in links],
+            'Found not exactly one link with a span with text "BAR ONE". %s' % [item.outer_html for item in links],
         )
 
     def test_finding_all_links_by_non_ascii_text(self):