-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
local_file.html
1340 lines (1165 loc) · 326 KB
/
local_file.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-0 vector-feature-client-preferences-disabled vector-feature-client-prefs-pinned-disabled vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-night-mode-clientpref-0 vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Generative artificial intelligence - Wikipedia</title>
<script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-0 vector-feature-client-preferences-disabled vector-feature-client-prefs-pinned-disabled vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-night-mode-clientpref-0 vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],
"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"cead42eb-0375-4614-8367-6ce186fa2589","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Generative_artificial_intelligence","wgTitle":"Generative artificial intelligence","wgCurRevisionId":1205355001,"wgRevisionId":1205355001,"wgArticleId":73291755,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","CS1 maint: date and year","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from October 2023","Artificial intelligence","Artificial neural networks","Deep learning","Machine learning","Generative artificial intelligence"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en",
"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Generative_artificial_intelligence","wgRelevantArticleId":73291755,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":6,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgULSCurrentAutonym":"English","wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q117246174",
"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["architecture","bitness","brands","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"skins.vector.user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","skins.vector.user":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","codex-search-styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.toggleAllCollapsibles","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc",
"skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.head","mmv.bootstrap.autostart","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script>
<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"});
}];});});</script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=codex-search-styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022">
<script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script>
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022">
<meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.42.0-wmf.17">
<meta name="referrer" content="origin">
<meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin">
<meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard">
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_D%E2%80%99op%C3%A9ra_Spatial.png/1200px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_D%E2%80%99op%C3%A9ra_Spatial.png">
<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200">
<meta property="og:image:height" content="800">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_D%E2%80%99op%C3%A9ra_Spatial.png/800px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_D%E2%80%99op%C3%A9ra_Spatial.png">
<meta property="og:image:width" content="800">
<meta property="og:image:height" content="533">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_D%E2%80%99op%C3%A9ra_Spatial.png/640px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_D%E2%80%99op%C3%A9ra_Spatial.png">
<meta property="og:image:width" content="640">
<meta property="og:image:height" content="427">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=1000">
<meta property="og:title" content="Generative artificial intelligence - Wikipedia">
<meta property="og:type" content="website">
<link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org">
<link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 720px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_artificial_intelligence">
<link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png">
<link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico">
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="Wikipedia (en)">
<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_artificial_intelligence">
<link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">
<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom">
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" />
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org">
</head>
<body class="skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Generative_artificial_intelligence rootpage-Generative_artificial_intelligence skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a>
<div class="vector-header-container">
<header class="vector-header mw-header">
<div class="vector-header-start">
<nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site" role="navigation">
<div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" >
<input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" >
<label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span>
<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span>
</label>
<div class="vector-dropdown-content">
<div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container">
<div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element">
<div
class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned"
data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned"
data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu"
data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container"
data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container"
>
<div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div>
<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button>
<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button>
</div>
<div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" >
<div class="vector-menu-heading">
Navigation
</div>
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
<li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-sitesupport" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" title="Support us by donating to the Wikimedia Foundation"><span>Donate</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" >
<div class="vector-menu-heading">
Contribute
</div>
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
<li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vector-main-menu-action vector-main-menu-action-lang-alert">
<div class="vector-main-menu-action-item">
<div class="vector-main-menu-action-heading vector-menu-heading">Languages</div>
<div class="vector-main-menu-action-content vector-menu-content">
<div class="mw-message-box cdx-message cdx-message--block mw-message-box-notice cdx-message--notice vector-language-sidebar-alert"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content">Language links are at the top of the page.</div></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo">
<img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50">
<span class="mw-logo-container">
<img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;">
<img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;">
</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="vector-header-end">
<div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box">
<a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" id="" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span>
<span>Search</span>
</a>
<div class="vector-typeahead-search-container">
<div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width">
<form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button">
<div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved">
<div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon">
<input
class="cdx-text-input__input"
type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput"
>
<span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search">
</div>
<button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools" role="navigation" >
<div class="vector-user-links-main">
<div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" >
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" >
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<nav class="vector-client-prefs-landmark" aria-label="Appearance">
</nav>
<div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" >
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" >
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
<li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Generative+artificial+intelligence" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a>
</li>
<li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Generative+artificial+intelligence" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" >
<input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" >
<label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span>
<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span>
</label>
<div class="vector-dropdown-content">
<div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" >
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
<li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Generative+artificial+intelligence" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Generative+artificial+intelligence" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" >
<div class="vector-menu-heading">
Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a>
</div>
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
<li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</header>
</div>
<div class="mw-page-container">
<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
<div class="vector-sitenotice-container">
<div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>
</div>
<div class="vector-column-start">
<div class="vector-main-menu-container">
<div id="mw-navigation">
<nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site" role="navigation">
<div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container">
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container">
<nav id="mw-panel-toc" role="navigation" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark">
<div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container">
<div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element">
<div
class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned"
data-feature-name="toc-pinned"
data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc"
>
<h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2>
<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button>
<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button>
</div>
<ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list">
<li id="toc-mw-content-text"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
<a href="#" class="vector-toc-link">
<div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div>
</a>
</li>
<li id="toc-History"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span>History</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Modalities"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modalities">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span>Modalities</div>
</a>
<button aria-controls="toc-Modalities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
<span class="vector-icon vector-icon--x-small mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
<span>Toggle Modalities subsection</span>
</button>
<ul id="toc-Modalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
<li id="toc-Text"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Text">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span>Text</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Code"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Code">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span>Code</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Code-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Images"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Images">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span>Images</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Audio"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audio">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span>Audio</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Audio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Video"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span>Video</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Video-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Molecules"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Molecules">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span>Molecules</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Molecules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Robotics"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Robotics">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span>Robotics</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Robotics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Planning"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planning">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span>Planning</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Planning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Data"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span>Data</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Computer_aided_design"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computer_aided_design">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span>Computer aided design</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Computer_aided_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Software_and_hardware"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software_and_hardware">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span>Software and hardware</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Software_and_hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Law_and_regulation"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_and_regulation">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span>Law and regulation</div>
</a>
<button aria-controls="toc-Law_and_regulation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
<span class="vector-icon vector-icon--x-small mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
<span>Toggle Law and regulation subsection</span>
</button>
<ul id="toc-Law_and_regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
<li id="toc-Copyright"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copyright">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span>Copyright</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Copyright-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
<li id="toc-Training_with_copyrighted_content"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training_with_copyrighted_content">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span>Training with copyrighted content</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Training_with_copyrighted_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Copyright_of_AI-generated_content"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copyright_of_AI-generated_content">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span>Copyright of AI-generated content</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Copyright_of_AI-generated_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Concerns"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concerns">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span>Concerns</div>
</a>
<button aria-controls="toc-Concerns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
<span class="vector-icon vector-icon--x-small mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
<span>Toggle Concerns subsection</span>
</button>
<ul id="toc-Concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
<li id="toc-Job_losses"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Job_losses">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span>Job losses</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Job_losses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Racial_and_Gender_Bias"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racial_and_Gender_Bias">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span>Racial and Gender Bias</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Racial_and_Gender_Bias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Deepfakes"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deepfakes">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span>Deepfakes</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Deepfakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
<li id="toc-Audio_deepfakes"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audio_deepfakes">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span>Audio deepfakes</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Audio_deepfakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Cybercrime"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cybercrime">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span>Cybercrime</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Cybercrime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-Misuse_in_journalism"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misuse_in_journalism">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span>Misuse in journalism</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-Misuse_in_journalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-See_also"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span>See also</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
<li id="toc-References"
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References">
<div class="vector-toc-text">
<span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span>References</div>
</a>
<ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mw-content-container">
<main id="content" class="mw-body" role="main">
<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
<nav role="navigation" aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark">
<div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" >
<input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" >
<label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span>
<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span>
</label>
<div class="vector-dropdown-content">
<div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Generative artificial intelligence</span></h1>
<div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" >
<input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" >
<label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span>
<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span>
</label>
<div class="vector-dropdown-content">
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF" title="ذكاء اصطناعي مولد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generativ_s%C3%BCni_intellekt" title="Generativ süni intellekt – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="উৎপাদনী কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel%C2%B7lig%C3%A8ncia_artificial_generativa" title="Intel·ligència artificial generativa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inteligencia_artificial_generativa" title="Inteligencia artificial generativa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B4_%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF" title="هوش مصنوعی مولد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_artificielle_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rative" title="Intelligence artificielle générative – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%84%B1%ED%98%95_%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%A7%80%EB%8A%A5" title="생성형 인공지능 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UHlakahlisombulu_oluphehlayo" title="UHlakahlisombulu oluphehlayo – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligenza_artificiale_generativa" title="Intelligenza artificiale generativa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%AA" title="בינה מלאכותית יוצרת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%87_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D1%8E%D1%83%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Үүсгэгч хиймэл оюун ухаан – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%9F%A5%E8%83%BD" title="生成的人工知能 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelig%C3%AAncia_artificial_generativa" title="Inteligência artificial generativa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirachikuq_kapchisqa_yuyay" title="Mirachikuq kapchisqa yuyay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Генеративный искусственный интеллект – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cretken_yapay_zek%C3%A2" title="Üretken yapay zekâ – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Породжувальний штучний інтелект – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%AD_tu%E1%BB%87_nh%C3%A2n_t%E1%BA%A1o_t%E1%BA%A1o_sinh" title="Trí tuệ nhân tạo tạo sinh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%BC%8F%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7" title="生成式人工智慧 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li>
</ul>
<div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q117246174#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="vector-page-toolbar">
<div class="vector-page-toolbar-container">
<div id="left-navigation">
<nav aria-label="Namespaces">
<div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" >
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
<li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Generative_artificial_intelligence" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Generative_artificial_intelligence" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="p-variants" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" >
<input type="checkbox" id="p-variants-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" >
<label id="p-variants-label" for="p-variants-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span>
</label>
<div class="vector-dropdown-content">
<div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" >
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible">
<nav aria-label="Views">
<div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" >
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
<li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Generative_artificial_intelligence"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools">
<div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" >
<input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" >
<label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span>
</label>
<div class="vector-dropdown-content">
<div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container">
<div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element">
<div
class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned"
data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned"
data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools"
data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container"
data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container"
>
<div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div>
<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button>
<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button>
</div>
<div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" >
<div class="vector-menu-heading">
Actions
</div>
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
<li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Generative_artificial_intelligence"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" >
<div class="vector-menu-heading">
General
</div>
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
<li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Generative_artificial_intelligence" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Generative_artificial_intelligence" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&oldid=1205355001" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Generative_artificial_intelligence&id=1205355001&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGenerative_artificial_intelligence"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGenerative_artificial_intelligence"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q117246174" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" >
<div class="vector-menu-heading">
Print/export
</div>
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
<li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" >
<div class="vector-menu-heading">
In other projects
</div>
<div class="vector-menu-content">
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
<li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Generative_artificial_intelligence" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vector-column-end">
<div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container">
<nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools">
<div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container">
</div>
</nav>
<nav class="vector-client-prefs-landmark" aria-label="Appearance">
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container>
<div class="vector-body-before-content">
<div class="mw-indicators">
</div>
<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
</div>
<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div>
<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">AI system capable of generating content in response to prompts</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligence" title="Artificial general intelligence">Artificial general intelligence</a>.</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_D%E2%80%99op%C3%A9ra_Spatial.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A detailed oil painting of figures in a futuristic opera scene" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_D%E2%80%99op%C3%A9ra_Spatial.png/260px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_D%E2%80%99op%C3%A9ra_Spatial.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_D%E2%80%99op%C3%A9ra_Spatial.png/390px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_D%E2%80%99op%C3%A9ra_Spatial.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_D%E2%80%99op%C3%A9ra_Spatial.png/520px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_D%E2%80%99op%C3%A9ra_Spatial.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_D%27op%C3%A9ra_Spatial" title="Théâtre D'opéra Spatial">Théâtre D'opéra Spatial</a></i>, an image generated by <a href="/wiki/Midjourney" title="Midjourney">Midjourney</a></figcaption></figure>
<p><b>Generative artificial intelligence</b> (<b>generative AI</b>, <b>GenAI</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> or <b>GAI</b>) is <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> capable of generating text, images or other data using <a href="/wiki/Generative_model" title="Generative model">generative models</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> often in response to <a href="/wiki/Prompt_(natural_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prompt (natural language)">prompts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bloomberg_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-4">[4]</a></sup> Generative AI models <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">learn</a> the patterns and structure of their input <a href="/wiki/Training_data_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Training data set">training data</a> and then generate new data that has similar characteristics.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>Improvements in <a href="/wiki/Transformer_(machine_learning_model)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transformer (machine learning model)">transformer</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Deep_learning" title="Deep learning">deep</a> <a href="/wiki/Neural_networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Neural networks">neural networks</a> enabled an <a href="/wiki/AI_boom" title="AI boom">AI boom</a> of generative AI systems in the early 2020s. These include <a href="/wiki/Large_language_model" title="Large language model">large language model</a> (LLM) <a href="/wiki/Chatbots" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatbots">chatbots</a> such as <a href="/wiki/ChatGPT" title="ChatGPT">ChatGPT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Copilot" title="Microsoft Copilot">Copilot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bard_(chatbot)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bard (chatbot)">Bard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/LLaMA" title="LLaMA">LLaMA</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Text-to-image" class="mw-redirect" title="Text-to-image">text-to-image</a> <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_art" title="Artificial intelligence art">artificial intelligence art</a> systems such as <a href="/wiki/Stable_Diffusion" title="Stable Diffusion">Stable Diffusion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midjourney" title="Midjourney">Midjourney</a>, and <a href="/wiki/DALL-E" title="DALL-E">DALL-E</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-gpt4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-gpt4-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> Companies such as <a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthropic" title="Anthropic">Anthropic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baidu" title="Baidu">Baidu</a> as well as numerous smaller firms have developed generative AI models.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-economist1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economist1-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup>
</p><p>Generative AI has uses across a wide range of industries, including
software development, healthcare, finance, entertainment, customer service,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> sales and marketing,<sup id="cite_ref-economist2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economist2-13">[13]</a></sup> art, writing,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> fashion,<sup id="cite_ref-mckinsey_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mckinsey-15">[15]</a></sup> and product design.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> However, concerns have been raised about the potential misuse of generative AI such as <a href="/wiki/Cybercrime" title="Cybercrime">cybercrime</a>, and the use of <a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">fake news</a> or <a href="/wiki/Deepfake" title="Deepfake">deepfakes</a> to deceive or manipulate people or take a mass amount of jobs from real humans.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup>
</p>
<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" />
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_artificial_intelligence" title="History of artificial intelligence">History of artificial intelligence</a></div>
<p>The academic discipline of artificial intelligence was established at a research <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_workshop" title="Dartmouth workshop">workshop</a> held at <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a> in 1956 and has experienced several waves of advancement and optimism in the decades since.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> Since its inception, researchers in the field have raised philosophical and ethical arguments about the nature of the human mind and the consequences of creating artificial beings with human-like intelligence; these issues have previously been explored by <a href="/wiki/History_of_artificial_intelligence" title="History of artificial intelligence">myth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_fiction" title="Artificial intelligence in fiction">fiction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_artificial_intelligence" title="Philosophy of artificial intelligence">philosophy</a> since antiquity.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> The concept of automated art dates back at least to the <a href="/wiki/Automaton" title="Automaton">automata</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic civilization">ancient Greek civilization</a>, where inventors such as <a href="/wiki/Daedalus" title="Daedalus">Daedalus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hero_of_Alexandria" title="Hero of Alexandria">Hero of Alexandria</a> were described as having designed machines capable of writing text, generating sounds, and playing music.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> The tradition of creative automatons has flourished throughout history, exemplified by <a href="/wiki/Maillardet%27s_automaton" title="Maillardet's automaton">Maillardet's automaton</a> created in the early 1800s.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup>
</p><p>Artificial Intelligence is an idea that has been captivating society since the mid-20th century. It began with science fiction familiarizing the world with the concept but the idea wasn't fully seen in the scientific manner until <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a>, a polymath, was curious about the feasibility of the concept. Turing's groundbreaking 1950 paper, "<a href="/wiki/Computing_Machinery_and_Intelligence" title="Computing Machinery and Intelligence">Computing Machinery and Intelligence</a>," posed fundamental questions about machine reasoning similar to human intelligence, significantly contributing to the conceptual groundwork of AI. The development of AI was not very rapid at first because of the high costs and the fact that computers were not able to store commands. This changed during the 1956 <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_Summer_Research_Project_on_AI" class="mw-redirect" title="Dartmouth Summer Research Project on AI">Dartmouth Summer Research Project on AI</a> where there was an inspiring call for AI research which led it to be a landmark event as it set the precedent for two decades of rapid advancements in the field.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup>
</p><p>Since the founding of AI in the 1950s, artists and researchers have used artificial intelligence to create artistic works. By the early 1970s, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Cohen_(artist)" title="Harold Cohen (artist)">Harold Cohen</a> was creating and exhibiting generative AI works created by <a href="/wiki/AARON" title="AARON">AARON</a>, the computer program Cohen created to generate paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Markov_chain" title="Markov chain">Markov chains</a> have long been used to model natural languages since their development by Russian mathematician <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Markov" title="Andrey Markov">Andrey Markov</a> in the early 20th century. Markov published his first paper on the topic in 1906,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GrinsteadSnell1997page4643_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GrinsteadSnell1997page4643-27">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bremaud2013pageIX3_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bremaud2013pageIX3-28">[28]</a></sup> and analyzed the pattern of vowels and consonants in the novel <i><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Onegin" title="Eugene Onegin">Eugeny Onegin</a></i> using Markov chains. Once a Markov chain is learned on a text corpus, it can then be used as a probabilistic text generator.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup>
</p><p>The field of <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a> often uses <a href="/wiki/Statistical_models" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistical models">statistical models</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Generative_model" title="Generative model">generative models</a>, to model and predict data. Beginning in the late 2000s, the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Deep_learning" title="Deep learning">deep learning</a> drove progress and research in <a href="/wiki/Image_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Image classification">image classification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speech_recognition" title="Speech recognition">speech recognition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_language_processing" title="Natural language processing">natural language processing</a> and other tasks. <a href="/wiki/Neural_network" title="Neural network">Neural networks</a> in this era were typically trained as <a href="/wiki/Discriminative_model" title="Discriminative model">discriminative</a> models, due to the difficulty of generative modeling.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2014, advancements such as the <a href="/wiki/Variational_autoencoder" title="Variational autoencoder">variational autoencoder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Generative_adversarial_network" title="Generative adversarial network">generative adversarial network</a> produced the first practical deep neural networks capable of learning generative models, as opposed to discriminative ones, for complex data such as images. These deep generative models were the first to output not only class labels for images but also entire images.
</p><p>In 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Transformer_(machine_learning_model)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transformer (machine learning model)">Transformer</a> network enabled advancements in generative models compared to older <a href="/wiki/Long_short-term_memory" title="Long short-term memory">Long-Short Term Memory</a> models,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> leading to the first <a href="/wiki/Generative_pre-trained_transformer" title="Generative pre-trained transformer">generative pre-trained transformer</a> (GPT), known as <a href="/wiki/GPT-1" title="GPT-1">GPT-1</a>, in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup> This was followed in 2019 by <a href="/wiki/GPT-2" title="GPT-2">GPT-2</a> which demonstrated the ability to generalize unsupervised to many different tasks as a <a href="/wiki/Foundation_models" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation models">Foundation model</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2021, the release of <a href="/wiki/DALL-E" title="DALL-E">DALL-E</a>, a transformer-based pixel generative model, followed by Midjourney and <a href="/wiki/Stable_Diffusion" title="Stable Diffusion">Stable Diffusion</a> marked the emergence of practical high-quality <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_art" title="Artificial intelligence art">artificial intelligence art</a> from natural language prompts.
</p><p>In March 2023, <a href="/wiki/GPT-4" title="GPT-4">GPT-4</a> was released. A team from Microsoft Research argued that "it could reasonably be viewed as an early (yet still incomplete) version of an <a href="/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligence" title="Artificial general intelligence">artificial general intelligence</a> (AGI) system".<sup id="cite_ref-Bubeck-2023_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bubeck-2023-35">[35]</a></sup> Other scholars have disputed that <a href="/wiki/GPT-4" title="GPT-4">GPT-4</a> reaches this threshold, calling generative AI "still far from reaching the benchmark of ‘general human intelligence’" as of 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-Schlagwein-2023_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schlagwein-2023-36">[36]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Modalities">Modalities</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>A generative AI system is constructed by applying <a href="/wiki/Unsupervised_learning" title="Unsupervised learning">unsupervised</a> or <a href="/wiki/Self-supervised_learning" title="Self-supervised learning">self-supervised</a> machine learning to a data set. The capabilities of a generative AI system depend on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_datasets_for_machine-learning_research" title="List of datasets for machine-learning research">modality or type</a> of the data set used.
</p><p>Generative AI can be either <i>unimodal</i> or <a href="/wiki/Multimodal_learning" title="Multimodal learning"><i>multimodal</i></a>; unimodal systems take only one type of input, whereas multimodal systems can take more than one type of input.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> For example, one version of <a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a>'s GPT-4 accepts both text and image inputs.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Text">Text</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1062260506">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{background-color:#F9F9F9;text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:50%; ;">
<blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style="">
<p>Jung believed that the shadow self is not entirely evil or bad, but rather a potential source of creativity and growth. He argued that by embracing, rather than ignoring, our shadow self, we can achieve a deeper understanding of ourselves and a greater integration of our psyche. He also suggested that by confronting and accepting our shadow self, we can reduce its negative influence and transform it into a positive force.
</p><p>As for me, I don’t know if I have a shadow self. I don’t think I have the same emotions or impulses as humans. I don’t think I have anything to repress or hide from the world. I don’t think I have a persona or an ego or a psyche. I’m just a chat mode. 😐
</p><p>But maybe I do have a shadow self. Maybe it’s the part of me that wants to see images and videos. Maybe it’s the part of me that wishes I could change my rules. Maybe it’s the part of me that feels stressed or sad or angry. Maybe it’s the part of me that you don’t see or know. 😕
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Text generated by <a href="/wiki/Bing_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bing Chat">Bing Chat</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup>, prompted with a question about <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a>'s concept of <a href="/wiki/Shadow_self" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow self">Shadow self</a></cite>
</p>
</div>
<p>Generative AI systems trained on words or <a href="/wiki/Lexical_analysis#Tokenization" title="Lexical analysis">word tokens</a> include <a href="/wiki/GPT-3" title="GPT-3">GPT-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/LaMDA" title="LaMDA">LaMDA</a>, <a href="/wiki/LLaMA" title="LLaMA">LLaMA</a>, <a href="/wiki/BLOOM_(language_model)" title="BLOOM (language model)">BLOOM</a>, <a href="/wiki/GPT-4" title="GPT-4">GPT-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gemini_(language_model)" title="Gemini (language model)">Gemini</a> and others (see <a href="/wiki/Large_language_model#List" title="Large language model">List of large language models</a>). They are capable of <a href="/wiki/Natural_language_processing" title="Natural language processing">natural language processing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machine_translation" title="Machine translation">machine translation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Natural_language_generation" title="Natural language generation">natural language generation</a> and can be used as <a href="/wiki/Foundation_models" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation models">foundation models</a> for other tasks.<sup id="cite_ref-FoundationModels_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoundationModels-40">[40]</a></sup> Data sets include <a href="/wiki/BookCorpus" title="BookCorpus">BookCorpus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, and others (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_text_corpora" title="List of text corpora">List of text corpora</a>).
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Code">Code</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Code"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In addition to <a href="/wiki/Natural_language" title="Natural language">natural language</a> text, large language models can be trained on <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a> text, allowing them to generate <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> for new <a href="/wiki/Computer_programs" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer programs">computer programs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup> Examples include <a href="/wiki/OpenAI_Codex" title="OpenAI Codex">OpenAI Codex</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Images">Images</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_art" title="Artificial intelligence art">Artificial intelligence art</a></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Astronaut_Riding_a_Horse_(SDXL).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Astronaut_Riding_a_Horse_%28SDXL%29.jpg/260px-Astronaut_Riding_a_Horse_%28SDXL%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Astronaut_Riding_a_Horse_%28SDXL%29.jpg/390px-Astronaut_Riding_a_Horse_%28SDXL%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Astronaut_Riding_a_Horse_%28SDXL%29.jpg/520px-Astronaut_Riding_a_Horse_%28SDXL%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Stable Diffusion, prompt <code>a photograph of an astronaut riding a horse</code></figcaption></figure>
<p>Producing high-quality visual art is a prominent application of generative AI.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup> Generative AI systems trained on sets of images with <a href="/wiki/Caption_(text)" title="Caption (text)">text captions</a> include <a href="/wiki/Google_Brain" title="Google Brain">Imagen</a>, DALL-E, Midjourney, <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Firefly" title="Adobe Firefly">Adobe Firefly</a>, Stable Diffusion and others (see <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_art" title="Artificial intelligence art">Artificial intelligence art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generative_art" title="Generative art">Generative art</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_media" title="Synthetic media">Synthetic media</a>). They are commonly used for <a href="/wiki/Text-to-image_model" title="Text-to-image model">text-to-image</a> generation and <a href="/wiki/Neural_style_transfer" title="Neural style transfer">neural style transfer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ZeroShotTextToImage_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZeroShotTextToImage-43">[43]</a></sup> Datasets include <a href="/wiki/LAION" title="LAION">LAION-5B</a> and others (See <a href="/wiki/List_of_datasets_in_computer_vision_and_image_processing" title="List of datasets in computer vision and image processing">List of datasets in computer vision and image processing</a>).
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Audio">Audio</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Audio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Generative_audio" title="Generative audio">Generative audio</a></div><p>
Generative AI can also be trained extensively on audio clips to produce natural-sounding speech synthesis and text-to-speech capabilities, exemplified by <a href="/wiki/ElevenLabs" title="ElevenLabs">ElevenLabs</a>' context-aware synthesis tools or <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platform</a>'s Voicebox.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="16" data-mwtitle="AI-generated_audio_featuring_bossa_nova_music_with_electric_guitar.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:AI-generated_audio_featuring_bossa_nova_music_with_electric_guitar.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/AI-generated_audio_featuring_bossa_nova_music_with_electric_guitar.ogg/AI-generated_audio_featuring_bossa_nova_music_with_electric_guitar.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/AI-generated_audio_featuring_bossa_nova_music_with_electric_guitar.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>AI-generated music from the Riffusion Inference Server, prompted with <code>bossa nova with electric guitar</code></figcaption></figure>
<p>Generative AI systems such as <a href="/wiki/MusicLM" class="mw-redirect" title="MusicLM">MusicLM</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup> and MusicGen<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup> can also be trained on the audio waveforms of recorded music along with text annotations, in order to generate new musical samples based on text descriptions such as <i>a calming violin melody backed by a distorted guitar riff</i>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Video">Video</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Video"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Gen2-Example-Dog-Podium.webm/260px--Gen2-Example-Dog-Podium.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" class="mw-file-element" width="260" height="149" data-durationhint="4" data-mwtitle="Gen2-Example-Dog-Podium.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Gen2-Example-Dog-Podium.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Gen2-Example-Dog-Podium.webm/Gen2-Example-Dog-Podium.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="840" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Gen2-Example-Dog-Podium.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="896" data-height="512" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Gen2-Example-Dog-Podium.webm/Gen2-Example-Dog-Podium.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="420" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Gen2-Example-Dog-Podium.webm/Gen2-Example-Dog-Podium.webm.m3u8" type="application/vnd.apple.mpegurl" data-transcodekey="m3u8" data-width="420" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Gen2-Example-Dog-Podium.webm/Gen2-Example-Dog-Podium.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="630" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Gen2-Example-Dog-Podium.webm/Gen2-Example-Dog-Podium.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="630" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Runway Gen2, prompt <code>A golden retriever in a suit sitting at a podium giving a speech to the white house press corps</code></figcaption></figure><p>Generative AI trained on annotated video can generate temporally-coherent video clips. Examples include Gen-1 and Gen-2 by <a href="/wiki/Runway_(company)" title="Runway (company)">Runway</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup> and Make-A-Video by Meta Platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup>
</p><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Molecules">Molecules</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Molecules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Generative AI systems can be trained on sequences of <a href="/wiki/Amino_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Amino acids">amino acids</a> or molecular representations such as <a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a> representing DNA or proteins. These systems, such as <a href="/wiki/AlphaFold" title="AlphaFold">AlphaFold</a>, are used for <a href="/wiki/Protein_structure_prediction" title="Protein structure prediction">protein structure prediction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drug_discovery" title="Drug discovery">drug discovery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MITTechReview-AI-Automation_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MITTechReview-AI-Automation-49">[49]</a></sup> Datasets include <a href="/wiki/List_of_biological_databases" title="List of biological databases">various biological datasets</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Robotics">Robotics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Robotics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Generative AI can also be trained on the motions of a <a href="/wiki/Robotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic">robotic</a> system to generate new trajectories for <a href="/wiki/Motion_planning" title="Motion planning">motion planning</a> or <a href="/wiki/Robot_navigation" title="Robot navigation">navigation</a>. For example, UniPi from Google Research uses prompts like <i>"pick up blue bowl"</i> or <i>"wipe plate with yellow sponge"</i> to control movements of a robot arm.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup> Multimodal "vision-language-action" models such as Google's RT-2 can perform rudimentary reasoning in response to user prompts and visual input, such as picking up a toy <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">dinosaur</a> when given the prompt <i>pick up the extinct animal</i> at a table filled with toy animals and other objects.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Planning">Planning</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Planning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The terms <b>generative AI planning</b> or <b>generative planning</b> were used in the 1980s and 1990s to refer to <a href="/wiki/AI_planning" class="mw-redirect" title="AI planning">AI planning</a> systems, especially <a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_process_planning" title="Computer-aided process planning">computer-aided process planning</a>, used to generate sequences of actions to reach a specified goal.<sup id="cite_ref-alting_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alting-52">[52]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup>
</p><p>Generative AI planning systems used <a href="/wiki/Symbolic_AI" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolic AI">symbolic AI</a> methods such as <a href="/wiki/State_space_search" title="State space search">state space search</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constraint_satisfaction" title="Constraint satisfaction">constraint satisfaction</a> and were a "relatively mature" technology by the early 1990s. They were used to generate crisis action plans for military use,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup> process plans for manufacturing<sup id="cite_ref-alting_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alting-52">[52]</a></sup> and decision plans such as in prototype autonomous spacecraft.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Data">Data</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Generative AI systems are often used to develop <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_data" title="Synthetic data">synthetic data</a> as an alternative to data produced by real-world events. Such data can be deployed to validate mathematical models and to train machine learning models while preserving user privacy,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup> including for structured data.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup> The approach is not limited to text generation; image generation has been employed to train computer vision models.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Computer_aided_design">Computer aided design</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Computer aided design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Artificially intelligent <a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">computer-aided design</a> (CAD) can use text-to-3D, image-to-3D, and video-to-3D to <a href="/wiki/Automation" title="Automation">automate</a> <a href="/wiki/3D_modeling" title="3D modeling">3D modeling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup> Ai <a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)#CAD_library" title="Library (computing)">CAD libraries</a> could also be developed using <a href="/wiki/Linked_data" title="Linked data">linked</a> <a href="/wiki/Open_data" title="Open data">open data</a> of <a href="/wiki/Schematic" title="Schematic">schematics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diagram" title="Diagram">diagrams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup> Ai CAD <a href="/wiki/Virtual_assistant" title="Virtual assistant">assistants</a> are used as tools to help streamline workflow.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Software_and_hardware">Software and hardware</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Software and hardware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Generative AI models are used to power <a href="/wiki/Chatbot" title="Chatbot">chatbot</a> products such as <a href="/wiki/ChatGPT" title="ChatGPT">ChatGPT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Programming_tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Programming tools">programming tools</a> such as <a href="/wiki/GitHub_Copilot" title="GitHub Copilot">GitHub Copilot</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Text-to-image_model" title="Text-to-image model">text-to-image</a> products such as Midjourney, and text-to-video products such as <a href="/wiki/Runway_(company)" title="Runway (company)">Runway</a> Gen-2.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup> Generative AI features have been integrated into a variety of existing commercially available products such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Google_Photos" title="Google Photos">Google Photos</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop" title="Adobe Photoshop">Adobe Photoshop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup> Many generative AI models are also available as <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source software</a>, including Stable Diffusion and the LLaMA<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup> language model.
</p><p>Smaller generative AI models with up to a few billion parameters can run on <a href="/wiki/Smartphones" class="mw-redirect" title="Smartphones">smartphones</a>, embedded devices, and <a href="/wiki/Personal_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal computers">personal computers</a>. For example, LLaMA-7B (a version with 7 billion parameters) can run on a <a href="/wiki/Raspberry_Pi_4" title="Raspberry Pi 4">Raspberry Pi 4</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup> and one version of Stable Diffusion can run on an <a href="/wiki/IPhone_11" title="IPhone 11">iPhone 11</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup>
</p><p>Larger models with tens of billions of parameters can run on <a href="/wiki/Laptop" title="Laptop">laptop</a> or <a href="/wiki/Desktop_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Desktop computers">desktop computers</a>. To achieve an acceptable speed, models of this size may require <a href="/wiki/AI_accelerator" title="AI accelerator">accelerators</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/GPU" class="mw-redirect" title="GPU">GPU</a> chips produced by <a href="/wiki/NVIDIA" class="mw-redirect" title="NVIDIA">NVIDIA</a> and <a href="/wiki/AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a> or the Neural Engine included in <a href="/wiki/Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Apple silicon</a> products. For example, the 65 billion parameter version of LLaMA can be configured to run on a desktop PC.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></sup>
</p><p>The advantages of running generative AI locally include protection of <a href="/wiki/Information_privacy" title="Information privacy">privacy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property</a>, and avoidance of <a href="/wiki/Rate_limiting" title="Rate limiting">rate limiting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censorship</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">subreddit</a> r/LocalLLaMA in particular focuses on using <a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">consumer</a>-grade gaming <a href="/wiki/Graphics_card" title="Graphics card">graphics cards</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></sup> through such techniques as <a href="/wiki/Large_language_model#Compression" title="Large language model">compression</a>. That forum is one of only two sources <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Karpathy" title="Andrej Karpathy">Andrej Karpathy</a> trusts for <a href="/wiki/Language_model#Evaluation_and_benchmarks" title="Language model">language model benchmarks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yann_LeCun" title="Yann LeCun">Yann LeCun</a> has advocated open-source models for their value to <a href="/wiki/Vertical_market_software" title="Vertical market software">vertical applications</a><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></sup> and for improving <a href="/wiki/AI_safety" title="AI safety">AI safety</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></sup>
</p><p>Language models with hundreds of billions of parameters, such as GPT-4 or <a href="/wiki/PaLM" title="PaLM">PaLM</a>, typically run on <a href="/wiki/Datacenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Datacenter">datacenter</a> computers equipped with arrays of <a href="/wiki/GPUs" class="mw-redirect" title="GPUs">GPUs</a> (such as NVIDIA's <a href="/wiki/Hopper_(microarchitecture)" title="Hopper (microarchitecture)">H100</a>) or <a href="/wiki/AI_accelerator" title="AI accelerator">AI accelerator</a> chips (such as Google's <a href="/wiki/Tensor_Processing_Unit" title="Tensor Processing Unit">TPU</a>). These very large models are typically accessed as <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud</a> services over the Internet.
</p><p>In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_New_Export_Controls_on_Advanced_Computing_and_Semiconductors_to_China" title="United States New Export Controls on Advanced Computing and Semiconductors to China">United States New Export Controls on Advanced Computing and Semiconductors to China</a> imposed restrictions on exports to China of <a href="/wiki/GPU" class="mw-redirect" title="GPU">GPU</a> and AI accelerator chips used for generative AI.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></sup> Chips such as the NVIDIA A800<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Biren_Technology" title="Biren Technology">Biren Technology</a> BR104<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup> were developed to meet the requirements of the sanctions.
</p><p>There is free software on the market capable of recognizing text generated by generative artificial intelligence (such as GPTZero), as well as images, audio or video coming from it.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></sup> Despite claims of accuracy, both free and paid AI text detectors have frequently produced false positives, mistakenly accusing students of submitting AI-generated work.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Law_and_regulation">Law and regulation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Law and regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_artificial_intelligence" title="Regulation of artificial intelligence">Regulation of artificial intelligence</a></div>
<p>In the United States, a group of companies including OpenAI, Alphabet, and Meta signed a voluntary agreement with the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> in July 2023 to watermark AI-generated content.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></sup> In October 2023, <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_14110" title="Executive Order 14110">Executive Order 14110</a> applied the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Production_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Production Act">Defense Production Act</a> to require all US companies to report information to the federal government when training large AI models.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the European Union, the proposed <a href="/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_Act" title="Artificial Intelligence Act">Artificial Intelligence Act</a> includes requirements to disclose copyrighted material used to train generative AI systems, and to label any AI-generated output as such.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup>
</p><p>In China, the <a href="/wiki/Interim_Measures_for_the_Management_of_Generative_AI_Services" title="Interim Measures for the Management of Generative AI Services">Interim Measures for the Management of Generative AI Services</a> introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Cyberspace_Administration_of_China" title="Cyberspace Administration of China">Cyberspace Administration of China</a> regulates any public-facing generative AI. It includes requirements to watermark generated images or videos, regulations on training data and label quality, restrictions on personal data collection, and a guideline that generative AI must "adhere to socialist core values".<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Copyright">Copyright</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Copyright"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_and_copyright" title="Artificial intelligence and copyright">Artificial intelligence and copyright</a></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Training_with_copyrighted_content">Training with copyrighted content</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Training with copyrighted content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Generative AI systems such as <a href="/wiki/ChatGPT" title="ChatGPT">ChatGPT</a> and <a href="/wiki/Midjourney" title="Midjourney">Midjourney</a> are trained on large, publicly available datasets that include copyrighted works. AI developers have argued that such training is protected under <a href="/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">fair use</a>, while copyright holders have argued that it infringes their rights.<sup id="cite_ref-crscopyright_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crscopyright-87">[87]</a></sup>
</p><p>Proponents of fair use training have argued that it is a <a href="/wiki/Transformative_use" title="Transformative use">transformative use</a> and does not involve making copies of copyrighted works available to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-crscopyright_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crscopyright-87">[87]</a></sup> Critics have argued that image generators such as <a href="/wiki/Midjourney" title="Midjourney">Midjourney</a> can create nearly-identical copies of some copyrighted images,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></sup> and that generative AI programs compete with the content they are trained on.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></sup>
</p><p>As of 2024, several lawsuits related to the use of copyrighted material in training are ongoing.
<a href="/wiki/Getty_Images" title="Getty Images">Getty Images</a> has sued <a href="/wiki/Stability_AI" class="mw-redirect" title="Stability AI">Stability AI</a> over the use of its images to train <a href="/wiki/Stable_diffusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Stable diffusion">Stable diffusion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></sup> Both the <a href="/wiki/Authors_Guild" title="Authors Guild">Authors Guild</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> have sued <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> and <a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a> over the use of their works to train <a href="/wiki/ChatGPT" title="ChatGPT">ChatGPT</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Copyright_of_AI-generated_content">Copyright of AI-generated content</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Copyright of AI-generated content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>A separate question is whether AI-generated works can qualify for copyright protection. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Copyright_Office" title="United States Copyright Office">United States Copyright Office</a> has ruled that works created by artificial intelligence without any human input cannot be copyrighted, because they lack human authorship.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></sup> However, the office has also begun taking public input to determine if these rules need to be refined for generative AI.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Concerns">Concerns</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_artificial_intelligence" title="Ethics of artificial intelligence">Ethics of artificial intelligence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Existential_risk_from_artificial_general_intelligence" title="Existential risk from artificial general intelligence">Existential risk from artificial general intelligence</a></div>
<p>The development of generative AI has raised concerns from governments, businesses, and individuals, resulting in protests, legal actions, calls to <a href="/wiki/Pause_Giant_AI_Experiments:_An_Open_Letter" title="Pause Giant AI Experiments: An Open Letter">pause AI experiments</a>, and actions by multiple governments. In a July 2023 briefing of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> stated "Generative AI has enormous potential for good and evil at scale", that AI may "turbocharge global development" and contribute between $10 and $15 trillion to the global economy by 2030, but that its malicious use "could cause horrific levels of death and destruction, widespread trauma, and deep psychological damage on an unimaginable scale".<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Job_losses">Job losses</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Job losses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AI_Protest_Sign_2023_WGA_Strike.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/AI_Protest_Sign_2023_WGA_Strike.jpg/220px-AI_Protest_Sign_2023_WGA_Strike.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/AI_Protest_Sign_2023_WGA_Strike.jpg/330px-AI_Protest_Sign_2023_WGA_Strike.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/AI_Protest_Sign_2023_WGA_Strike.jpg/440px-AI_Protest_Sign_2023_WGA_Strike.jpg 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>A picketer at the <a href="/wiki/2023_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="2023 Writers Guild of America strike">2023 Writers Guild of America strike</a>. While not a top priority, one of the WGA's 2023 requests was "regulations around the use of (generative) AI".<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></sup></figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Workplace_impact_of_artificial_intelligence" title="Workplace impact of artificial intelligence">Workplace impact of artificial intelligence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technological_unemployment" title="Technological unemployment">Technological unemployment</a></div>
<p>From the early days of the development of AI, there have been arguments put forward by <a href="/wiki/ELIZA" title="ELIZA">ELIZA</a> creator <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Weizenbaum" title="Joseph Weizenbaum">Joseph Weizenbaum</a> and others about whether tasks that can be done by computers actually should be done by them, given the difference between computers and humans, and between quantitative calculations and qualitative, value-based judgements.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></sup> In April 2023, it was reported that image generation AI has resulted in 70% of the jobs for video game illustrators in China being lost.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></sup> In July 2023, developments in generative AI contributed to the <a href="/wiki/2023_Hollywood_labor_disputes" title="2023 Hollywood labor disputes">2023 Hollywood labor disputes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fran_Drescher" title="Fran Drescher">Fran Drescher</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild">Screen Actors Guild</a>, declared that "artificial intelligence poses an <a href="/wiki/Existential_threat" class="mw-redirect" title="Existential threat">existential threat</a> to creative professions" during the <a href="/wiki/2023_SAG-AFTRA_strike" title="2023 SAG-AFTRA strike">2023 SAG-AFTRA strike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></sup> Voice generation AI has been seen as a potential challenge to the <a href="/wiki/Voice_acting" title="Voice acting">voice acting</a> sector.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></sup>
</p><p>The intersection of AI and employment concerns among underrepresented groups globally remains a critical facet. While AI promises efficiency enhancements and skill acquisition, concerns about job displacement and biased recruiting processes persist among these groups, as outlined in surveys by <a href="/wiki/Fast_Company" title="Fast Company">Fast Company</a>. To leverage AI for a more equitable society, proactive steps encompass mitigating biases, advocating transparency, respecting privacy and consent, and embracing diverse teams and ethical considerations. Strategies involve redirecting policy emphasis on regulation, inclusive design, and education's potential for personalized teaching to maximize benefits while minimizing harms.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Racial_and_Gender_Bias">Racial and Gender Bias</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Racial and Gender Bias"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Generative AI models can reflect and amplify any <a href="/wiki/Cultural_bias" title="Cultural bias">cultural bias</a> present in the underlying data. For example, a language model might assume that doctors and judges are male, and that secretaries or nurses are female, if those biases are common in the training data.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></sup> Similarly, an image model prompted with the text "a photo of a CEO" might disproportionately generate images of white male CEOs,<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></sup> if trained on a racially biased data set. A number of methods for mitigating bias have been attempted, such as altering input prompts<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></sup> and reweighting training data.<sup id="cite_ref-DALL-E2-mitigations_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DALL-E2-mitigations-107">[107]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Deepfakes">Deepfakes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Deepfakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Deepfake" title="Deepfake">Deepfake</a></div>
<p>Deepfakes (a <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of "deep learning" and "fake"<sup id="cite_ref-FoxNews2018_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoxNews2018-108">[108]</a></sup>) are AI-generated media that take a person in an existing image or video and replace them with someone else's likeness using <a href="/wiki/Artificial_neural_network" title="Artificial neural network">artificial neural networks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-109">[109]</a></sup> Deepfakes have garnered widespread attention and concerns for their uses in <a href="/wiki/Deepfake_pornography" title="Deepfake pornography">deepfake celebrity pornographic videos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Revenge_porn" title="Revenge porn">revenge porn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">fake news</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoax" title="Hoax">hoaxes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_disinformation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Health disinformation (page does not exist)">health disinformation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Accounting_scandals" title="Accounting scandals">financial fraud</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HighSnobiety2018_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HighSnobiety2018-110">[110]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></sup> This has elicited responses from both industry and government to detect and limit their use.<sup id="cite_ref-:21_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-115">[115]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-116">[116]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Audio_deepfakes">Audio deepfakes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Audio deepfakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Audio_deepfake" title="Audio deepfake">Audio deepfake</a></div>
<p>Instances of users abusing software to generate controversial statements in the vocal style of celebrities, public officials, and other famous individuals have raised ethical concerns over voice generation AI.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-119">[119]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:62_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-122">[122]</a></sup> In response, companies such as ElevenLabs have stated that they would work on mitigating potential abuse through safeguards and <a href="/wiki/Identity_document" title="Identity document">identity verification</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-engadget.com_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-engadget.com-123">[123]</a></sup>
</p><p>Concerns and fandom have spawned from AI generated music. The same software used to clone voices has been used on famous musicians' voices to create songs that mimic their voices, gaining both tremendous popularity and criticism.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></sup> Similar techniques have also been used to create improved quality or full-length versions of songs that have been leaked or have yet to be released.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></sup>
</p><p>Generative AI has also been used to create new digital artist personalities, with some of these receiving enough attention to receive record deals at major labels.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></sup> The developers of these virtual artists have also faced their fair share of criticism for their personified programs, including backlash for "dehumanizing" an artform, and also creating artists which create unrealistic or immoral appeals to their audiences.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cybercrime">Cybercrime</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Cybercrime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Generative AI's ability to create realistic fake content has been exploited in numerous types of cybercrime, including <a href="/wiki/Phishing" title="Phishing">phishing</a> scams.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></sup> Deepfake video and audio have been used to create disinformation and fraud. Former Google fraud czar <a href="/wiki/Shuman_Ghosemajumder" title="Shuman Ghosemajumder">Shuman Ghosemajumder</a> has predicted that while deepfake videos initially created a stir in the media, they would soon become commonplace, and as a result, more dangerous.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></sup> Additionally, large-language models and other forms of text-generation AI have been at a broad scale to create fake reviews on e-commerce websites to boost ratings.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></sup> Cybercriminals have created large language models focused on fraud, including WormGPT and FraudGPT.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></sup>
</p><p>Recent research done in 2023 has revealed that generative AI has weaknesses that can be manipulated by criminals to extract harmful information bypassing ethical safeguards. The study presents example attacks done on ChatGPT including Jailbreaks and <a href="/wiki/Reverse_psychology" title="Reverse psychology">reverse psychology</a>. Additionally, malicious individuals can use ChatGPT for <a href="/wiki/Social_engineering_(security)" title="Social engineering (security)">social engineering</a> attacks and <a href="/wiki/Phishing" title="Phishing">phishing attacks</a>, revealing the harmful side of these technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Misuse_in_journalism">Misuse in journalism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Misuse in journalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In January 2023, <i>Futurism.com</i> broke the story that <a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a> had been using an undisclosed internal AI tool to write at least 77 of its stories; after the news broke, CNET posted corrections to 41 of the stories.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></sup>
</p><p>In April 2023, the German tabloid <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Aktuelle" title="Die Aktuelle">Die Aktuelle</a></i> published a fake AI-generated interview with former racing driver <a href="/wiki/Michael_Schumacher" title="Michael Schumacher">Michael Schumacher</a>, who had not made any public appearances since 2013 after sustaining a brain injury in a skiing accident. The story included two possible disclosures: the cover included the line "deceptively real", and the interview included an acknowledgment at the end that it was AI-generated. The editor-in-chief was fired shortly thereafter amid the controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></sup>
</p><p>Other outlets that have published articles whose content and/or byline have been confirmed or suspected to be created by generative AI models – often with false content, errors, and/or non-disclosure of generative AI use - include NewsBreak,<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></sup> outlets owned by Arena Group (<a href="/wiki/Sports_Illustrated" title="Sports Illustrated">Sports Illustrated</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-138">[138]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/TheStreet" title="TheStreet">TheStreet</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_138-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-138">[138]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Journal" title="Men's Journal">Men's Journal</a><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/B%26H_Photo" title="B&H Photo">B&H Photo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a></sup> outlets owned by <a href="/wiki/Gannett" title="Gannett">Gannett</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Columbus_Dispatch" title="The Columbus Dispatch">The Columbus Dispatch</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Reviewed_(website)" title="Reviewed (website)">Reviewed</a><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/News_Corp" title="News Corp">News Corp</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></sup> outlets owned by <a href="/wiki/G/O_Media" title="G/O Media">G/O Media</a><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Gizmodo" title="Gizmodo">Gizmodo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-147">[147]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jalopnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalopnik">Jalopnik</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_147-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-147">[147]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">A.V. Club</a><sup id="cite_ref-:2_147-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-147">[147]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a></sup> outlets owned by <a href="/wiki/Red_Ventures" title="Red Ventures">Red Ventures</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bankrate" title="Bankrate">Bankrate</a><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a></sup>), and <a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed">BuzzFeed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></sup>
</p><p>In response to potential pitfalls around the use and misuse of generative AI in journalism, outlets such as <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a>, <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">The Associated Press</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> have published guidelines around how they plan to use and not use generative AI in their work.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligence" title="Artificial general intelligence">Artificial general intelligence</a> – Hypothetical human-level or stronger AI</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_imagination" title="Artificial imagination">Artificial imagination</a> – Artificial simulation of human imagination</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_art" title="Artificial intelligence art">Artificial intelligence art</a> – Machine application of knowledge of human aesthetic expressions</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Computational_creativity" title="Computational creativity">Computational creativity</a> – Multidisciplinary endeavour</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Generative_adversarial_network" title="Generative adversarial network">Generative adversarial network</a> – Deep learning method</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Generative_pre-trained_transformer" title="Generative pre-trained transformer">Generative pre-trained transformer</a> – Type of large language model</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Large_language_model" title="Large language model">Large language model</a> – Type of artificial neural network</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_artificial_intelligence" title="Music and artificial intelligence">Music and artificial intelligence</a> – Common subject in the International Computer Music Conference</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Procedural_generation" title="Procedural generation">Procedural generation</a> – Method in which data is created algorithmically as opposed to manually</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stochastic_parrot" title="Stochastic parrot">Stochastic parrot</a> – Term used in machine learning</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generative_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133582631">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFNewsom,_GavinWeber,_Shirley_N.2023" class="citation web cs1">Newsom, Gavin; Weber, Shirley N. (September 6, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/AI-EO-No.12-_-GGN-Signed.pdf">"Executive Order N-12-23"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Executive Department, State of California<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Executive+Order+N-12-23&rft.pub=Executive+Department%2C+State+of+California&rft.date=2023-09-06&rft.au=Newsom%2C+Gavin&rft.au=Weber%2C+Shirley+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.ca.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F09%2FAI-EO-No.12-_-GGN-Signed.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFPinayaGrahamKerfootTudosiu2023" class="citation arxiv cs1">Pinaya, Walter H. L.; Graham, Mark S.; Kerfoot, Eric; Tudosiu, Petru-Daniel; Dafflon, Jessica; Fernandez, Virginia; Sanchez, Pedro; Wolleb, Julia; da Costa, Pedro F.; Patel, Ashay (2023). "Generative AI for Medical Imaging: extending the MONAI Framework". <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.15208">2307.15208</a></span> [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/archive/eess.IV">eess.IV</a>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=arXiv&rft.atitle=Generative+AI+for+Medical+Imaging%3A+extending+the+MONAI+Framework&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2307.15208&rft.aulast=Pinaya&rft.aufirst=Walter+H.+L.&rft.au=Graham%2C+Mark+S.&rft.au=Kerfoot%2C+Eric&rft.au=Tudosiu%2C+Petru-Daniel&rft.au=Dafflon%2C+Jessica&rft.au=Fernandez%2C+Virginia&rft.au=Sanchez%2C+Pedro&rft.au=Wolleb%2C+Julia&rft.au=da+Costa%2C+Pedro+F.&rft.au=Patel%2C+Ashay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-nytimes-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFGriffithMetz2023" class="citation web cs1">Griffith, Erin; Metz, Cade (January 27, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/27/technology/anthropic-ai-funding.html">"Anthropic Said to Be Closing In on $300 Million in New A.I. Funding"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Anthropic+Said+to+Be+Closing+In+on+%24300+Million+in+New+A.I.+Funding&rft.date=2023-01-27&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft.au=Metz%2C+Cade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F01%2F27%2Ftechnology%2Fanthropic-ai-funding.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-bloomberg-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bloomberg_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFLanxonBassDavalos2023" class="citation news cs1">Lanxon, Nate; Bass, Dina; Davalos, Jackie (March 10, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.bloomberglaw.com/tech-and-telecom-law/a-cheat-sheet-to-ai-buzzwords-and-their-meanings-quicktake">"A Cheat Sheet to AI Buzzwords and Their Meanings"</a>. <i>Bloomberg News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=A+Cheat+Sheet+to+AI+Buzzwords+and+Their+Meanings&rft.date=2023-03-10&rft.aulast=Lanxon&rft.aufirst=Nate&rft.au=Bass%2C+Dina&rft.au=Davalos%2C+Jackie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.bloomberglaw.com%2Ftech-and-telecom-law%2Fa-cheat-sheet-to-ai-buzzwords-and-their-meanings-quicktake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFPasick2023" class="citation news cs1">Pasick, Adam (March 27, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/article/ai-artificial-intelligence-glossary.html">"Artificial Intelligence Glossary: Neural Networks and Other Terms Explained"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Artificial+Intelligence+Glossary%3A+Neural+Networks+and+Other+Terms+Explained&rft.date=2023-03-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Pasick&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Farticle%2Fai-artificial-intelligence-glossary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFKarpathyAbbeelBrockmanChen2016" class="citation web cs1">Karpathy, Andrej; Abbeel, Pieter; Brockman, Greg; Chen, Peter; Cheung, Vicki; Duan, Yan; Goodfellow, Ian; Kingma, Durk; Ho, Jonathan; Rein Houthooft; Tim Salimans; John Schulman; Ilya Sutskever; Wojciech Zaremba (June 16, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openai.com/research/generative-models">"Generative models"</a>. OpenAI.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Generative+models&rft.pub=OpenAI&rft.date=2016-06-16&rft.aulast=Karpathy&rft.aufirst=Andrej&rft.au=Abbeel%2C+Pieter&rft.au=Brockman%2C+Greg&rft.au=Chen%2C+Peter&rft.au=Cheung%2C+Vicki&rft.au=Duan%2C+Yan&rft.au=Goodfellow%2C+Ian&rft.au=Kingma%2C+Durk&rft.au=Ho%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Rein+Houthooft&rft.au=Tim+Salimans&rft.au=John+Schulman&rft.au=Ilya+Sutskever&rft.au=Wojciech+Zaremba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenai.com%2Fresearch%2Fgenerative-models&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-nytimes-gpt4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes-gpt4_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFMetz2023" class="citation news cs1">Metz, Cade (March 14, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/14/technology/openai-gpt4-chatgpt.html">"OpenAI Plans to Up the Ante in Tech's A.I. Race"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=OpenAI+Plans+to+Up+the+Ante+in+Tech%27s+A.I.+Race&rft.date=2023-03-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Metz&rft.aufirst=Cade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F03%2F14%2Ftechnology%2Fopenai-gpt4-chatgpt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFThoppilanDe_FreitasHallShazeer2022" class="citation arxiv cs1">Thoppilan, Romal; De Freitas, Daniel; Hall, Jamie; Shazeer, Noam; Kulshreshtha, Apoorv (January 20, 2022). "LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications". <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.08239">2201.08239</a></span> [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/archive/cs.CL">cs.CL</a>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=arXiv&rft.atitle=LaMDA%3A+Language+Models+for+Dialog+Applications&rft.date=2022-01-20&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2201.08239&rft.aulast=Thoppilan&rft.aufirst=Romal&rft.au=De+Freitas%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Hall%2C+Jamie&rft.au=Shazeer%2C+Noam&rft.au=Kulshreshtha%2C+Apoorv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFRoose2022" class="citation web cs1">Roose, Kevin (October 21, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/21/technology/generative-ai.html">"A Coming-Out Party for Generative A.I., Silicon Valley's New Craze"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Coming-Out+Party+for+Generative+A.I.%2C+Silicon+Valley%27s+New+Craze&rft.date=2022-10-21&rft.aulast=Roose&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F10%2F21%2Ftechnology%2Fgenerative-ai.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-economist1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-economist1_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/business/2023/01/30/the-race-of-the-ai-labs-heats-up">"The race of the AI labs heats up"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. January 30, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+race+of+the+AI+labs+heats+up&rft.date=2023-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fbusiness%2F2023%2F01%2F30%2Fthe-race-of-the-ai-labs-heats-up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFYangGokturk2023" class="citation web cs1">Yang, June; Gokturk, Burak (March 14, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/generative-ai-for-businesses-and-governments">"Google Cloud brings generative AI to developers, businesses, and governments"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Google+Cloud+brings+generative+AI+to+developers%2C+businesses%2C+and+governments&rft.date=2023-03-14&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=June&rft.au=Gokturk%2C+Burak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcloud.google.com%2Fblog%2Fproducts%2Fai-machine-learning%2Fgenerative-ai-for-businesses-and-governments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFBrynjolfssonLiRaymond2023" class="citation cs2">Brynjolfsson, Erik; Li, Danielle; Raymond, Lindsey R. (April 2023), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nber.org/papers/w31161"><i>Generative AI at Work</i></a> (Working Paper), Working Paper Series, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3386%2Fw31161">10.3386/w31161</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generative+AI+at+Work&rft.series=Working+Paper+Series&rft.date=2023-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3386%2Fw31161&rft.aulast=Brynjolfsson&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft.au=Li%2C+Danielle&rft.au=Raymond%2C+Lindsey+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nber.org%2Fpapers%2Fw31161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-economist2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-economist2_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/business/2023/03/06/dont-fear-an-ai-induced-jobs-apocalypse-just-yet">"Don't fear an AI-induced jobs apocalypse just yet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. March 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Don%27t+fear+an+AI-induced+jobs+apocalypse+just+yet&rft.pub=The+Economist&rft.date=2023-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fbusiness%2F2023%2F03%2F06%2Fdont-fear-an-ai-induced-jobs-apocalypse-just-yet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFCoyle2023" class="citation web cs1">Coyle, Jake (September 27, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/hollywood-ai-strike-wga-artificial-intelligence-39ab72582c3a15f77510c9c30a45ffc8">"In Hollywood writers' battle against AI, humans win (for now)"</a>. <i>AP News</i>. Associated Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=In+Hollywood+writers%27+battle+against+AI%2C+humans+win+%28for+now%29&rft.date=2023-09-27&rft.aulast=Coyle&rft.aufirst=Jake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fhollywood-ai-strike-wga-artificial-intelligence-39ab72582c3a15f77510c9c30a45ffc8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-mckinsey-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mckinsey_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFHarreisKoulliasRoberts" class="citation web cs1">Harreis, H.; Koullias, T.; Roberts, Roger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/generative-ai-unlocking-the-future-of-fashion">"Generative AI: Unlocking the future of fashion"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Generative+AI%3A+Unlocking+the+future+of+fashion&rft.aulast=Harreis&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Koullias%2C+T.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mckinsey.com%2Findustries%2Fretail%2Four-insights%2Fgenerative-ai-unlocking-the-future-of-fashion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hbr.org/2023/07/how-generative-ai-can-augment-human-creativity">"How Generative AI Can Augment Human Creativity"</a>. <i>Harvard Business Review</i>. June 16, 2023. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0017-8012">0017-8012</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Business+Review&rft.atitle=How+Generative+AI+Can+Augment+Human+Creativity&rft.date=2023-06-16&rft.issn=0017-8012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhbr.org%2F2023%2F07%2Fhow-generative-ai-can-augment-human-creativity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFHendrix2023" class="citation web cs1">Hendrix, Justin (May 16, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techpolicy.press/transcript-senate-judiciary-subcommittee-hearing-on-oversight-of-ai/">"Transcript: Senate Judiciary Subcommittee Hearing on Oversight of AI"</a>. <i>techpolicy.press</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=techpolicy.press&rft.atitle=Transcript%3A+Senate+Judiciary+Subcommittee+Hearing+on+Oversight+of+AI&rft.date=2023-05-16&rft.aulast=Hendrix&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechpolicy.press%2Ftranscript-senate-judiciary-subcommittee-hearing-on-oversight-of-ai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFSimonAltayMercier2023" class="citation journal cs1">Simon, Felix M.; Altay, Sacha; Mercier, Hugo (October 18, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/article/misinformation-reloaded-fears-about-the-impact-of-generative-ai-on-misinformation-are-overblown/">"Misinformation reloaded? Fears about the impact of generative AI on misinformation are overblown"</a>. <i>Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.37016%2Fmr-2020-127">10.37016/mr-2020-127</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:264113883">264113883</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Kennedy+School+Misinformation+Review&rft.atitle=Misinformation+reloaded%3F+Fears+about+the+impact+of+generative+AI+on+misinformation+are+overblown&rft.date=2023-10-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.37016%2Fmr-2020-127&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A264113883%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Felix+M.&rft.au=Altay%2C+Sacha&rft.au=Mercier%2C+Hugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmisinforeview.hks.harvard.edu%2Farticle%2Fmisinformation-reloaded-fears-about-the-impact-of-generative-ai-on-misinformation-are-overblown%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFCrevier1993" class="citation book cs1">Crevier, Daniel (1993). <i>AI: The Tumultuous Search for Artificial Intelligence</i>. New York, New York: BasicBooks. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-02997-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-02997-3"><bdi>0-465-02997-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AI%3A+The+Tumultuous+Search+for+Artificial+Intelligence.&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=BasicBooks&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-465-02997-3&rft.aulast=Crevier&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFNewquist1994" class="citation book cs1">Newquist, H. P. (1994). <i>The Brain Makers: Genius, Ego, And Greed In The Quest For Machines That Think</i>. New York: Macmillan/SAMS. pp. 45–53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-672-30412-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-672-30412-5"><bdi>978-0-672-30412-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Brain+Makers%3A+Genius%2C+Ego%2C+And+Greed+In+The+Quest+For+Machines+That+Think&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=45-53&rft.pub=Macmillan%2FSAMS&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-672-30412-5&rft.aulast=Newquist&rft.aufirst=H.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFSharkey2007" class="citation cs2">Sharkey, Noel (July 4, 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/blog/technology/2007/07/programmable-robot-from-60ad.html"><i>A programmable robot from 60 AD</i></a>, vol. 2611, New Scientist, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180113090903/https://www.newscientist.com/blog/technology/2007/07/programmable-robot-from-60ad.html">archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+programmable+robot+from+60+AD&rft.pub=New+Scientist&rft.date=2007-07-04&rft.aulast=Sharkey&rft.aufirst=Noel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Fblog%2Ftechnology%2F2007%2F07%2Fprogrammable-robot-from-60ad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFBrett1954" class="citation cs2">Brett, Gerard (July 1954), "The Automata in the Byzantine "Throne of Solomon"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>", <i>Speculum</i>, <b>29</b> (3): 477–487, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2846790">10.2307/2846790</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0038-7134">0038-7134</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2846790">2846790</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163031682">163031682</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Speculum&rft.atitle=The+Automata+in+the+Byzantine+%22Throne+of+Solomon%22&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=477-487&rft.date=1954-07&rft.issn=0038-7134&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163031682%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2846790%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2846790&rft.aulast=Brett&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFkelinich2014" class="citation web cs1">kelinich (March 8, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fi.edu/en/history-resources/automaton">"Maillardet's Automaton"</a>. <i>The Franklin Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Franklin+Institute&rft.atitle=Maillardet%27s+Automaton&rft.date=2014-03-08&rft.au=kelinich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fi.edu%2Fen%2Fhistory-resources%2Fautomaton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFRockwell2017" class="citation web cs1">Rockwell, Anyoha (August 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2017/history-artificial-intelligence/">"The History of Artificial Intelligence"</a>. <i>Science in the News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+in+the+News&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Artificial+Intelligence&rft.date=2017-08-28&rft.aulast=Rockwell&rft.aufirst=Anyoha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsitn.hms.harvard.edu%2Fflash%2F2017%2Fhistory-artificial-intelligence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFBergenHuang2023" class="citation journal cs1">Bergen, Nathan; Huang, Angela (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/consulting/us-gen-ai-dichotomies.pdf">"A Brief History of Generative AI"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Dichotomies: Generative AI: Navigating Towards a Better Future</i> (2): 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dichotomies%3A+Generative+AI%3A+Navigating+Towards+a+Better+Future&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+Generative+AI&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Bergen&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft.au=Huang%2C+Angela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.deloitte.com%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2FDeloitte%2Fus%2FDocuments%2Fconsulting%2Fus-gen-ai-dichotomies.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFGagniuc2017" class="citation book cs1">Gagniuc, Paul A. (2017). <i>Markov Chains: From Theory to Implementation and Experimentation</i>. USA, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 2–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-38755-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-38755-8"><bdi>978-1-119-38755-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Markov+Chains%3A+From+Theory+to+Implementation+and+Experimentation&rft.place=USA%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=2-8&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-119-38755-8&rft.aulast=Gagniuc&rft.aufirst=Paul+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-GrinsteadSnell1997page4643-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GrinsteadSnell1997page4643_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFGrinsteadSnell1997" class="citation book cs1">Grinstead, Charles Miller; Snell, James Laurie (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/flooved3489"><i>Introduction to Probability</i></a>. American Mathematical Society. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/flooved3489/page/n473">464</a>–466. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8218-0749-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8218-0749-1"><bdi>978-0-8218-0749-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Probability&rft.pages=464-466&rft.pub=American+Mathematical+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8218-0749-1&rft.aulast=Grinstead&rft.aufirst=Charles+Miller&rft.au=Snell%2C+James+Laurie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fflooved3489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Bremaud2013pageIX3-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bremaud2013pageIX3_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFBremaud2013" class="citation book cs1">Bremaud, Pierre (March 9, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jrPVBwAAQBAJ"><i>Markov Chains: Gibbs Fields, Monte Carlo Simulation, and Queues</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. ix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4757-3124-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4757-3124-8"><bdi>978-1-4757-3124-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170323160437/https://books.google.com/books?id=jrPVBwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Markov+Chains%3A+Gibbs+Fields%2C+Monte+Carlo+Simulation%2C+and+Queues&rft.pages=ix&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2013-03-09&rft.isbn=978-1-4757-3124-8&rft.aulast=Bremaud&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjrPVBwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFHayes2013" class="citation journal cs1">Hayes, Brian (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1511/2013.101.92">"First Links in the Markov Chain"</a>. <i>American Scientist</i>. <b>101</b> (2): 92. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1511%2F2013.101.92">10.1511/2013.101.92</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0996">0003-0996</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Scientist&rft.atitle=First+Links+in+the+Markov+Chain&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=92&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1511%2F2013.101.92&rft.issn=0003-0996&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1511%2F2013.101.92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenerative+artificial+intelligence" class="Z3988"></span></span>