Issue with converting Kivy app to APK

[OuchenTech]

Description

// I have successfully converted multiple Kivy applications into APKs using GitHub Actions. However, I recently encountered an issue when trying to convert a new Kivy app. Despite using the same setup and configuration, the build process failed with an error related to Java version compatibility. what could be the problem? and how to fix it?

buildozer.spec

Spec file:

// [app]

# (str) Title of your application
title = Universal Convert

# (str) Package name
package.name = UniversalConverter

# (str) Package domain (needed for android/ios packaging)
package.domain = org.yassinetech

# (str) Source code where the main.py live
source.dir = .

# (list) Source files to include (let empty to include all the files)
source.include_exts = py,png,jpg,kv,atlas,ttf,otf

# (list) List of inclusions using pattern matching
#source.include_patterns = assets/*,images/*.png

# (list) Source files to exclude (let empty to not exclude anything)
#source.exclude_exts = spec

# (list) List of directory to exclude (let empty to not exclude anything)
#source.exclude_dirs = tests, bin, venv

# (list) List of exclusions using pattern matching
# Do not prefix with './'
#source.exclude_patterns = license,images/*/*.jpg

# (str) Application versioning (method 1)
version = 0.1

# (str) Application versioning (method 2)
# version.regex = __version__ = ['"](.*)['"]
# version.filename = %(source.dir)s/main.py

# (list) Application requirements
# comma separated e.g. requirements = sqlite3,kivy
requirements = python3==3.9.12,hostpython3==3.9.12,kivy==2.2.1,kivymd==1.1.1,pillow==9.4.0

# (str) Custom source folders for requirements
# Sets custom source for any requirements with recipes
# requirements.source.kivy = ../../kivy

# (str) Presplash of the application
presplash.filename = %(source.dir)s/assets/presplash.png

# (str) Icon of the application
icon.filename = %(source.dir)s/assets/icon.png

# (list) Supported orientations
# Valid options are: landscape, portrait, portrait-reverse or landscape-reverse
orientation = portrait

# (list) List of service to declare
#services = NAME:ENTRYPOINT_TO_PY,NAME2:ENTRYPOINT2_TO_PY

#
# OSX Specific
#

#
# author = © Copyright Info

# change the major version of python used by the app
osx.python_version = 3

# Kivy version to use
osx.kivy_version = 2.2.1

#
# Android specific
#

# (bool) Indicate if the application should be fullscreen or not
fullscreen = 0

# (string) Presplash background color (for android toolchain)
# Supported formats are: #RRGGBB #AARRGGBB or one of the following names:
# red, blue, green, black, white, gray, cyan, magenta, yellow, lightgray,
# darkgray, grey, lightgrey, darkgrey, aqua, fuchsia, lime, maroon, navy,
# olive, purple, silver, teal.
android.presplash_color = #027783

# (string) Presplash animation using Lottie format.
# see https://lottiefiles.com/ for examples and https://airbnb.design/lottie/
# for general documentation.
# Lottie files can be created using various tools, like Adobe After Effect or Synfig.
#android.presplash_lottie = "path/to/lottie/file.json"

# (str) Adaptive icon of the application (used if Android API level is 26+ at runtime)
#icon.adaptive_foreground.filename = %(source.dir)s/data/icon_fg.png
#icon.adaptive_background.filename = %(source.dir)s/data/icon_bg.png

# (list) Permissions
# (See https://python-for-android.readthedocs.io/en/latest/buildoptions/#build-options-1 for all the supported syntaxes and properties)
#android.permissions = android.permission.INTERNET, (name=android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;maxSdkVersion=18)

# (list) features (adds uses-feature -tags to manifest)
#android.features = android.hardware.usb.host

# (int) Target Android API, should be as high as possible.
android.api = 31

# (int) Minimum API your APK / AAB will support.
#android.minapi = 21

# (int) Android SDK version to use
#android.sdk = 20

# (str) Android NDK version to use
#android.ndk = 23b

# (int) Android NDK API to use. This is the minimum API your app will support, it should usually match android.minapi.
#android.ndk_api = 21

# (bool) Use --private data storage (True) or --dir public storage (False)
#android.private_storage = True

# (str) Android NDK directory (if empty, it will be automatically downloaded.)
#android.ndk_path =

# (str) Android SDK directory (if empty, it will be automatically downloaded.)
#android.sdk_path =

# (str) ANT directory (if empty, it will be automatically downloaded.)
#android.ant_path =

# (bool) If True, then skip trying to update the Android sdk
# This can be useful to avoid excess Internet downloads or save time
# when an update is due and you just want to test/build your package
# android.skip_update = False

# (bool) If True, then automatically accept SDK license
# agreements. This is intended for automation only. If set to False,
# the default, you will be shown the license when first running
# buildozer.
android.accept_sdk_license = True

# (str) Android entry point, default is ok for Kivy-based app
#android.entrypoint = org.kivy.android.PythonActivity

# (str) Full name including package path of the Java class that implements Android Activity
# use that parameter together with android.entrypoint to set custom Java class instead of PythonActivity
#android.activity_class_name = org.kivy.android.PythonActivity

# (str) Extra xml to write directly inside the <manifest> element of AndroidManifest.xml
# use that parameter to provide a filename from where to load your custom XML code
#android.extra_manifest_xml = ./src/android/extra_manifest.xml

# (str) Extra xml to write directly inside the <manifest><application> tag of AndroidManifest.xml
# use that parameter to provide a filename from where to load your custom XML arguments:
#android.extra_manifest_application_arguments = ./src/android/extra_manifest_application_arguments.xml

# (str) Full name including package path of the Java class that implements Python Service
# use that parameter to set custom Java class which extends PythonService
#android.service_class_name = org.kivy.android.PythonService

# (str) Android app theme, default is ok for Kivy-based app
# android.apptheme = "@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar"

# (list) Pattern to whitelist for the whole project
#android.whitelist =

# (str) Path to a custom whitelist file
#android.whitelist_src =

# (str) Path to a custom blacklist file
#android.blacklist_src =

# (list) List of Java .jar files to add to the libs so that pyjnius can access
# their classes. Don't add jars that you do not need, since extra jars can slow
# down the build process. Allows wildcards matching, for example:
# OUYA-ODK/libs/*.jar
#android.add_jars = foo.jar,bar.jar,path/to/more/*.jar

# (list) List of Java files to add to the android project (can be java or a
# directory containing the files)
#android.add_src =

# (list) Android AAR archives to add
#android.add_aars =

# (list) Put these files or directories in the apk assets directory.
# Either form may be used, and assets need not be in 'source.include_exts'.
# 1) android.add_assets = source_asset_relative_path
# 2) android.add_assets = source_asset_path:destination_asset_relative_path
#android.add_assets =

# (list) Put these files or directories in the apk res directory.
# The option may be used in three ways, the value may contain one or zero ':'
# Some examples:
# 1) A file to add to resources, legal resource names contain ['a-z','0-9','_']
# android.add_resources = my_icons/all-inclusive.png:drawable/all_inclusive.png
# 2) A directory, here  'legal_icons' must contain resources of one kind
# android.add_resources = legal_icons:drawable
# 3) A directory, here 'legal_resources' must contain one or more directories, 
# each of a resource kind:  drawable, xml, etc...
# android.add_resources = legal_resources
#android.add_resources =

# (list) Gradle dependencies to add
#android.gradle_dependencies = 

# (bool) Enable AndroidX support. Enable when 'android.gradle_dependencies'
# contains an 'androidx' package, or any package from Kotlin source.
# android.enable_androidx requires android.api >= 28
#android.enable_androidx = True

# (list) add java compile options
# this can for example be necessary when importing certain java libraries using the 'android.gradle_dependencies' option
# see https://developer.android.com/studio/write/java8-support for further information
# android.add_compile_options = "sourceCompatibility = 1.8", "targetCompatibility = 1.8"

# (list) Gradle repositories to add {can be necessary for some android.gradle_dependencies}
# please enclose in double quotes 
# e.g. android.gradle_repositories = "maven { url 'https://kotlin.bintray.com/ktor' }"
#android.add_gradle_repositories =

# (list) packaging options to add 
# see https://google.github.io/android-gradle-dsl/current/com.android.build.gradle.internal.dsl.PackagingOptions.html
# can be necessary to solve conflicts in gradle_dependencies
# please enclose in double quotes 
# e.g. android.add_packaging_options = "exclude 'META-INF/common.kotlin_module'", "exclude 'META-INF/*.kotlin_module'"
#android.add_packaging_options =

# (list) Java classes to add as activities to the manifest.
#android.add_activities = com.example.ExampleActivity

# (str) OUYA Console category. Should be one of GAME or APP
# If you leave this blank, OUYA support will not be enabled
#android.ouya.category = GAME

# (str) Filename of OUYA Console icon. It must be a 732x412 png image.
#android.ouya.icon.filename = %(source.dir)s/data/ouya_icon.png

# (str) XML file to include as an intent filters in <activity> tag
#android.manifest.intent_filters =

# (list) Copy these files to src/main/res/xml/ (used for example with intent-filters)
#android.res_xml = PATH_TO_FILE,

# (str) launchMode to set for the main activity
#android.manifest.launch_mode = standard

# (str) screenOrientation to set for the main activity.
# Valid values can be found at https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/activity-element
#android.manifest.orientation = fullSensor

# (list) Android additional libraries to copy into libs/armeabi
#android.add_libs_armeabi = libs/android/*.so
#android.add_libs_armeabi_v7a = libs/android-v7/*.so
#android.add_libs_arm64_v8a = libs/android-v8/*.so
#android.add_libs_x86 = libs/android-x86/*.so
#android.add_libs_mips = libs/android-mips/*.so

# (bool) Indicate whether the screen should stay on
# Don't forget to add the WAKE_LOCK permission if you set this to True
#android.wakelock = False

# (list) Android application meta-data to set (key=value format)
#android.meta_data =

# (list) Android library project to add (will be added in the
# project.properties automatically.)
#android.library_references =

# (list) Android shared libraries which will be added to AndroidManifest.xml using <uses-library> tag
#android.uses_library =

# (str) Android logcat filters to use
#android.logcat_filters = *:S python:D

# (bool) Android logcat only display log for activity's pid
#android.logcat_pid_only = False

# (str) Android additional adb arguments
#android.adb_args = -H host.docker.internal

# (bool) Copy library instead of making a libpymodules.so
#android.copy_libs = 1

# (list) The Android archs to build for, choices: armeabi-v7a, arm64-v8a, x86, x86_64
# In past, was `android.arch` as we weren't supporting builds for multiple archs at the same time.
android.archs = arm64-v8a, armeabi-v7a

# (int) overrides automatic versionCode computation (used in build.gradle)
# this is not the same as app version and should only be edited if you know what you're doing
# android.numeric_version = 1

# (bool) enables Android auto backup feature (Android API >=23)
android.allow_backup = True

# (str) XML file for custom backup rules (see official auto backup documentation)
# android.backup_rules =

# (str) If you need to insert variables into your AndroidManifest.xml file,
# you can do so with the manifestPlaceholders property.
# This property takes a map of key-value pairs. (via a string)
# Usage example : android.manifest_placeholders = [myCustomUrl:\"org.kivy.customurl\"]
# android.manifest_placeholders = [:]

# (bool) Skip byte compile for .py files
# android.no-byte-compile-python = False

# (str) The format used to package the app for release mode (aab or apk or aar).
# android.release_artifact = aab

# (str) The format used to package the app for debug mode (apk or aar).
# android.debug_artifact = apk

#
# Python for android (p4a) specific
#

# (str) python-for-android URL to use for checkout
#p4a.url =

# (str) python-for-android fork to use in case if p4a.url is not specified, defaults to upstream (kivy)
#p4a.fork = kivy

# (str) python-for-android branch to use, defaults to master
#p4a.branch = master

# (str) python-for-android specific commit to use, defaults to HEAD, must be within p4a.branch
#p4a.commit = HEAD

# (str) python-for-android git clone directory (if empty, it will be automatically cloned from github)
#p4a.source_dir =

# (str) The directory in which python-for-android should look for your own build recipes (if any)
#p4a.local_recipes =

# (str) Filename to the hook for p4a
#p4a.hook =

# (str) Bootstrap to use for android builds
# p4a.bootstrap = sdl2

# (int) port number to specify an explicit --port= p4a argument (eg for bootstrap flask)
#p4a.port =

# Control passing the --use-setup-py vs --ignore-setup-py to p4a
# "in the future" --use-setup-py is going to be the default behaviour in p4a, right now it is not
# Setting this to false will pass --ignore-setup-py, true will pass --use-setup-py
# NOTE: this is general setuptools integration, having pyproject.toml is enough, no need to generate
# setup.py if you're using Poetry, but you need to add "toml" to source.include_exts.
#p4a.setup_py = false

# (str) extra command line arguments to pass when invoking pythonforandroid.toolchain
#p4a.extra_args =



#
# iOS specific
#

# (str) Path to a custom kivy-ios folder
#ios.kivy_ios_dir = ../kivy-ios
# Alternately, specify the URL and branch of a git checkout:
ios.kivy_ios_url = https://github.com/kivy/kivy-ios
ios.kivy_ios_branch = master

# Another platform dependency: ios-deploy
# Uncomment to use a custom checkout
#ios.ios_deploy_dir = ../ios_deploy
# Or specify URL and branch
ios.ios_deploy_url = https://github.com/phonegap/ios-deploy
ios.ios_deploy_branch = 1.10.0

# (bool) Whether or not to sign the code
ios.codesign.allowed = false

# (str) Name of the certificate to use for signing the debug version
# Get a list of available identities: buildozer ios list_identities
#ios.codesign.debug = "iPhone Developer: <lastname> <firstname> (<hexstring>)"

# (str) The development team to use for signing the debug version
#ios.codesign.development_team.debug = <hexstring>

# (str) Name of the certificate to use for signing the release version
#ios.codesign.release = %(ios.codesign.debug)s

# (str) The development team to use for signing the release version
#ios.codesign.development_team.release = <hexstring>

# (str) URL pointing to .ipa file to be installed
# This option should be defined along with `display_image_url` and `full_size_image_url` options.
#ios.manifest.app_url =

# (str) URL pointing to an icon (57x57px) to be displayed during download
# This option should be defined along with `app_url` and `full_size_image_url` options.
#ios.manifest.display_image_url =

# (str) URL pointing to a large icon (512x512px) to be used by iTunes
# This option should be defined along with `app_url` and `display_image_url` options.
#ios.manifest.full_size_image_url =


[buildozer]

# (int) Log level (0 = error only, 1 = info, 2 = debug (with command output))
log_level = 2

# (int) Display warning if buildozer is run as root (0 = False, 1 = True)
warn_on_root = 1

# (str) Path to build artifact storage, absolute or relative to spec file
# build_dir = ./.buildozer

# (str) Path to build output (i.e. .apk, .aab, .ipa) storage
# bin_dir = ./bin

#    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#    List as sections
#
#    You can define all the "list" as [section:key].
#    Each line will be considered as a option to the list.
#    Let's take [app] / source.exclude_patterns.
#    Instead of doing:
#
#[app]
#source.exclude_patterns = license,data/audio/*.wav,data/images/original/*
#
#    This can be translated into:
#
#[app:source.exclude_patterns]
#license
#data/audio/*.wav
#data/images/original/*
#


#    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#    Profiles
#
#    You can extend section / key with a profile
#    For example, you want to deploy a demo version of your application without
#    HD content. You could first change the title to add "(demo)" in the name
#    and extend the excluded directories to remove the HD content.
#
#[app@demo]
#title = My Application (demo)
#
#[app:source.exclude_patterns@demo]
#images/hd/*
#
#    Then, invoke the command line with the "demo" profile:
#
#buildozer --profile demo android debug

Logs

// [INFO]:    UniversalConverter has compatible recipes, using this one
[DEBUG]:   All possible dists: [<Distribution: name UniversalConverter with recipes (freetype, hostpython3, jpeg, libffi, openssl, png, sdl2_image, sdl2_mixer, sdl2_ttf, sqlite3, python3, sdl2, setuptools, pillow, six, pyjnius, android, kivy, certifi, urllib3, requests, kivymd, chardet, idna)>]
[DEBUG]:   Dist matching name and arch: [<Distribution: name UniversalConverter with recipes (freetype, hostpython3, jpeg, libffi, openssl, png, sdl2_image, sdl2_mixer, sdl2_ttf, sqlite3, python3, sdl2, setuptools, pillow, six, pyjnius, android, kivy, certifi, urllib3, requests, kivymd, chardet, idna)>]
[DEBUG]:   Dist matching ndk_api and recipe: [<Distribution: name UniversalConverter with recipes (freetype, hostpython3, jpeg, libffi, openssl, png, sdl2_image, sdl2_mixer, sdl2_ttf, sqlite3, python3, sdl2, setuptools, pillow, six, pyjnius, android, kivy, certifi, urllib3, requests, kivymd, chardet, idna)>]
[INFO]:    Of the existing distributions, the following meet the given requirements:
[INFO]:    	UniversalConverter: min API 21, includes recipes (freetype, hostpython3, jpeg, libffi, openssl, png, sdl2_image, sdl2_mixer, sdl2_ttf, sqlite3, python3, sdl2, setuptools, pillow, six, pyjnius, android, kivy, certifi, urllib3, requests, kivymd, chardet, idna), built for archs (arm64-v8a, armeabi-v7a)
[INFO]:    UniversalConverter has compatible recipes, using this one
[INFO]:    -> directory context /github/workspace/.buildozer/android/platform/build-arm64-v8a_armeabi-v7a/build/bootstrap_builds/sdl2
[INFO]:    <- directory context /github/workspace/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android
[INFO]:    -> directory context /github/workspace/.buildozer/android/platform/build-arm64-v8a_armeabi-v7a/dists/UniversalConverter
[DEBUG]:   Remove directory and subdirectory src/main/assets
[DEBUG]:   Create directory src/main/assets
No setup.py/pyproject.toml used, copying full private data into .apk.
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/sitecustomize.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/main.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/__init__.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/screens/__init__.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/screens/temperaturescreen/temperaturescreen.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/screens/frequencyscreen/frequencyscreen.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/screens/timescreen/timescreen.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/screens/volumescreen/volumescreen.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/screens/pressurescreen/pressurescreen.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/screens/preloadscreen/preloadscreen.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/screens/speedscreen/speedscreen.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/screens/anglescreen/anglescreen.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/screens/forcescreen/forcescreen.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/screens/massscreen/massscreen.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/screens/datastoragescreen/datastoragescreen.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/screens/areascreen/areascreen.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/screens/menuscreen/menuscreen.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/screens/lengthscreen/lengthscreen.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/units/pressure.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/units/angle.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/units/data_storage.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/units/frequency.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/units/time.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/units/speed.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/units/area.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/units/mass.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/units/temperature.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/units/length.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/units/force.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/units/volume.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/customwidgets/__init__.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/customwidgets/cardbutton/cardbutton.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/customwidgets/customtextinput/customtextinput.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/customwidgets/customlayout/customlayout.py'...
Compiling '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app/app/customwidgets/customspinner/customspinner.py'...
[DEBUG]:   Remove directory and subdirectory /tmp/p4a-extra-env-fdzx5um3
Applying Java source code patches...
Applying patch: src/patches/SDLActivity.java.patch
[INFO]:    Detected highest available build tools version to be 35.0.0-rc2
stty: 'standard input': Inappropriate ioctl for device
[DEBUG]:   -> running gradlew clean assembleDebug
[DEBUG]:   	Downloading https://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.0.2-all.zip
[DEBUG]:   	..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
[DEBUG]:   	Unzipping /home/user/.gradle/wrapper/dists/gradle-8.0.2-all/14bt34ptcsg1ikmfn78tdh1keu/gradle-8.0.2-all.zip to /home/user/.gradle/wrapper/dists/gradle-8.0.2-all/14bt34ptcsg1ikmfn78tdh1keu
[DEBUG]:   	Set executable permissions for: /home/user/.gradle/wrapper/dists/gradle-8.0.2-all/14bt34ptcsg1ikmfn78tdh1keu/gradle-8.0.2/bin/gradle
[DEBUG]:   	
[DEBUG]:   	Welcome to Gradle 8.0.2!
[DEBUG]:   	
[DEBUG]:   	Here are the highlights of this release:
[DEBUG]:   	 - Improvements to the Kotlin DSL
[DEBUG]:   	 - Fine-grained parallelism from the first build with configuration cache
[DEBUG]:   	 - Configurable Gradle user home cache cleanup
[DEBUG]:   	
[DEBUG]:   	For more details see https://docs.gradle.org/8.0.2/release-notes.html
[DEBUG]:   	
[DEBUG]:   	Starting a Gradle Daemon (subsequent builds will be faster)
[DEBUG]:   	
[DEBUG]:   	FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.
[DEBUG]:   	
[DEBUG]:   	* Where:
[DEBUG]:   	Build file '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/platform/build-arm64-v8a_armeabi-v7a/dists/UniversalConverter/build.gradle' line: 20
[DEBUG]:   	
[DEBUG]:   	* What went wrong:
[DEBUG]:   	A problem occurred evaluating root project 'UniversalConverter'.
[DEBUG]:   	> Failed to apply plugin 'com.android.internal.application'.
[DEBUG]:   	   > Android Gradle plugin requires Java 17 to run. You are currently using Java 13.
[DEBUG]:   	      Your current JDK is located in /usr/lib/jvm/java-13-openjdk-amd64
[DEBUG]:   	      You can try some of the following options:
[DEBUG]:   	       - changing the IDE settings.
[DEBUG]:   	       - changing the JAVA_HOME environment variable.
[DEBUG]:   	       - changing `org.gradle.java.home` in `gradle.properties`.
[DEBUG]:   	
[DEBUG]:   	* Try:
[DEBUG]:   	> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
[DEBUG]:   	> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
[DEBUG]:   	> Run with --scan to get full insights.
[DEBUG]:   	
[DEBUG]:   	* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org/
[DEBUG]:   	
[DEBUG]:   	Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 9.0.
[DEBUG]:   	
[DEBUG]:   	You can use '--warning-mode all' to show the individual deprecation warnings and determine if they come from your own scripts or plugins.
[DEBUG]:   	
[DEBUG]:   	See https://docs.gradle.org/8.0.2/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings
[DEBUG]:   	
[DEBUG]:   	BUILD FAILED in 30s
Exception in thread background thread for pid 78610:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/threading.py", line 932, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/threading.py", line 870, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "/home/user/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sh.py", line 1637, in wrap
    fn(*rgs, **kwargs)
  File "/home/user/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sh.py", line 2561, in background_thread
    handle_exit_code(exit_code)
  File "/home/user/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sh.py", line 2265, in fn
    return self.command.handle_command_exit_code(exit_code)
  File "/home/user/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sh.py", line 865, in handle_command_exit_code
    raise exc
sh.ErrorReturnCode_1: 
  RAN: /github/workspace/.buildozer/android/platform/build-arm64-v8a_armeabi-v7a/dists/UniversalConverter/gradlew clean assembleDebug
  STDOUT:
Downloading https://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.0.2-all.zip
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Unzipping /home/user/.gradle/wrapper/dists/gradle-8.0.2-all/14bt34ptcsg1ikmfn78tdh1keu/gradle-8.0.2-all.zip to /home/user/.gradle/wrapper/dists/gradle-8.0.2-all/14bt34ptcsg1ikmfn78tdh1keu
Set executable permissions for: /home/user/.gradle/wrapper/dists/gradle-8.0.2-all/14bt34ptcsg1ikmfn78tdh1keu/gradle-8.0.2/bin/gradle
Welcome to Gradle 8.0.2!
Here are the highlights of this release:
 - Improvements to the Kotlin DSL
 - Fine-grained parallelism from the first build with configuration cache
 - Configurable Gradle user home cache cleanup
For more details see https://docs.gradle.org/8.0.2/release-notes.html
Starting a Gradle Daemon (subsequent builds will be faster)
FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.
* Where:
Build file '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/platform/build-arm64-v8a_armeabi-v7a/dists/UniversalConverter/build.gradle' line: 20
* What went wrong:
A problem occurred evaluating root project 'UniversalConverter'.
> Failed to apply plugin 'com.android.internal.application'.
   > Android Gradle plugin requires Java 17 to run. You are currently using Java 13.
      Your current JDK is located in /usr/lib/jvm/java-13-openjdk-amd64
      You can try some of the following options:
       - changing the IDE settings.
       - changing the JAVA_HOME environment variable.
       - changing `org.gradle.java.home` in `gradle.properties`.
* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.
* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org/
Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 9.0.
You can use '--warning-mode all' to show the individual deprecation warnings and determine if they come from your own scripts or plugins.
See https://docs.gradle.org/8.0.2/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings
BUILD FAILED in 30s
  STDERR:
[INFO]:    STDOUT (last 20 lines of 45):
	      Your current JDK is located in /usr/lib/jvm/java-13-openjdk-amd64	
      You can try some of the following options:	
       - changing the IDE settings.	
       - changing the JAVA_HOME environment variable.	
       - changing `org.gradle.java.home` in `gradle.properties`.	
	
* Try:	
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.	
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.	
> Run with --scan to get full insights.	
	
* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org/	
	
Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 9.0.	
	
You can use '--warning-mode all' to show the individual deprecation warnings and determine if they come from your own scripts or plugins.	
	
See https://docs.gradle.org/8.0.2/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings	
	
BUILD FAILED in 30s
[INFO]:    STDERR:
	
[INFO]:    ENV:
export GITHUB_STATE='/github/file_commands/save_state_f96f2c8f-6e40-4b84-ac7f-dea79478b74f'
export ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN='***'
export ACTIONS_CACHE_URL='https://acghubeus2.actions.githubusercontent.com/yU4LP5bufG8FEAyw8pZ0VZCGR0O7ya0TIj0TlGAiE0tKQRjNOk/'
export USER='user'
export LANGUAGE='en_US.UTF-8'
export CI='true'
export HOSTNAME='07b0a93f7f4c'
export GITHUB_ENV='/github/file_commands/set_env_f96f2c8f-6e40-4b84-ac7f-dea79478b74f'
export RUNNER_ENVIRONMENT='github-hosted'
export WORK_DIR='/home/user/hostcwd'
export HOME='/home/user'
export SRC_DIR='/home/user/src'
export RUNNER_TEMP='/home/runner/work/_temp'
export GITHUB_EVENT_PATH='/github/workflow/event.json'
export GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER='OuchenTech'
export PYTHONUNBUFFERED='1'
export GITHUB_RETENTION_DAYS='90'
export GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER_ID='163603034'
export GITHUB_HEAD_REF=''
export GITHUB_GRAPHQL_URL='https://api.github.com/graphql'
export HOME_DIR='/home/user'
export BUILDOZER_WARN_ON_ROOT='0'
export RUNNER_OS='Linux'
export GITHUB_API_URL='https://api.github.com/'
export ACTIONS_RUNTIME_URL='https://pipelinesghubeus25.actions.githubusercontent.com/yU4LP5bufG8FEAyw8pZ0VZCGR0O7ya0TIj0TlGAiE0tKQRjNOk/'
export GITHUB_WORKFLOW='CI'
export APP_ANDROID_ACCEPT_SDK_LICENSE='1'
export GITHUB_RUN_ID='8442698033'
export GITHUB_BASE_REF=''
export GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA='cc144e8f60e1a2154e66d18aab0a010ab76f380e'
export GITHUB_REF_TYPE='branch'
export GITHUB_ACTION_REPOSITORY='ArtemSBulgakov/buildozer-action'
export GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF='OuchenTech/Universal-Convert/.github/workflows/build.yml@refs/heads/main'
export PATH='/github/workspace/./.buildozer_global/android/platform/apache-ant-1.9.4/bin:/home/user/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin'
export RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE='/opt/hostedtoolcache'
export GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER='14'
export GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR='OuchenTech'
export GITHUB_ACTION='buildozer'
export RUNNER_ARCH='X64'
export LANG='en_US.UTF-8'
export GITHUB_REPOSITORY='OuchenTech/Universal-Convert'
export GITHUB_REF_NAME='main'
export RUNNER_NAME='GitHub Actions 5'
export INPUT_WORKDIR='.'
export GITHUB_ACTION_REF='v1'
export GITHUB_ACTIONS='true'
export GITHUB_REPOSITORY_ID='774651071'
export GITHUB_REF_PROTECTED='false'
export BUILDOZER_BIN='./bin'
export GITHUB_WORKSPACE='/github/workspace'
export ACTIONS_RESULTS_URL='https://results-receiver.actions.githubusercontent.com/'
export INPUT_COMMAND='buildozer android debug'
export GITHUB_JOB='build'
export BUILDOZER_BUILD_DIR='./.buildozer'
export GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT='1'
export GITHUB_SHA='cc144e8f60e1a2154e66d18aab0a010ab76f380e'
export GITHUB_ACTOR='OuchenTech'
export GITHUB_REF='refs/heads/main'
export INPUT_BUILDOZER_VERSION='master'
export GITHUB_PATH='/github/file_commands/add_path_f96f2c8f-6e40-4b84-ac7f-dea79478b74f'
export RUNNER_WORKSPACE='/home/runner/work/Universal-Convert'
export GITHUB_ACTOR_ID='163603034'
export LC_ALL='en_US.UTF-8'
export PWD='/github/workspace'
export GITHUB_EVENT_NAME='push'
export GITHUB_SERVER_URL='https://github.com/'
export GITHUB_OUTPUT='/github/file_commands/set_output_f96f2c8f-6e40-4b84-ac7f-dea79478b74f'
export INPUT_REPOSITORY_ROOT='.'
export GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY='/github/file_commands/step_summary_f96f2c8f-6e40-4b84-ac7f-dea79478b74f'
export PACKAGES_PATH='/github/workspace/./.buildozer_global/android/packages'
export ANDROIDSDK='/github/workspace/./.buildozer_global/android/platform/android-sdk'
export ANDROIDNDK='/github/workspace/./.buildozer_global/android/platform/android-ndk-r25b'
export ANDROIDAPI='31'
export ANDROIDMINAPI='21'
export ANDROID_NDK_HOME='/github/workspace/.buildozer_global/android/platform/android-ndk-r25b'
export ANDROID_HOME='/github/workspace/.buildozer_global/android/platform/android-sdk'
[INFO]:    COMMAND:
cd /github/workspace/.buildozer/android/platform/build-arm64-v8a_armeabi-v7a/dists/UniversalConverter && /github/workspace/.buildozer/android/platform/build-arm64-v8a_armeabi-v7a/dists/UniversalConverter/gradlew clean assembleDebug
[WARNING]: ERROR: /github/workspace/.buildozer/android/platform/build-arm64-v8a_armeabi-v7a/dists/UniversalConverter/gradlew failed!
# Command failed: ('/bin/python3', '-m', 'pythonforandroid.toolchain', 'apk', '--bootstrap', 'sdl2', '--dist_name', 'UniversalConverter', '--name', 'Universal Convert', '--version', '0.1', '--package', 'org.yassinetech.universalconverter', '--minsdk', '21', '--ndk-api', '21', '--private', '/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/app', '--android-entrypoint', 'org.kivy.android.PythonActivity', '--android-apptheme', '@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar', '--presplash', '/github/workspace/./assets/presplash.png', '--icon', '/github/workspace/./assets/icon.png', '--orientation', 'portrait', '--window', '--enable-androidx', '--presplash-color', '#027783', '--copy-libs', '--arch', 'arm64-v8a', '--arch', 'armeabi-v7a', '--color=always', '--storage-dir=/github/workspace/.buildozer/android/platform/build-arm64-v8a_armeabi-v7a', '--ndk-api=21', '--ignore-setup-py', '--debug')
# Error code: 1
# ENVIRONMENT:
#     GITHUB_STATE = '/github/file_commands/save_state_f96f2c8f-6e40-4b84-ac7f-dea79478b74f'
#     ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN = '***'
#     ACTIONS_CACHE_URL = 'https://acghubeus2.actions.githubusercontent.com/yU4LP5bufG8FEAyw8pZ0VZCGR0O7ya0TIj0TlGAiE0tKQRjNOk/'
#     USER = 'user'
#     LANGUAGE = 'en_US.UTF-8'
#     CI = 'true'
#     HOSTNAME = '07b0a93f7f4c'
#     GITHUB_ENV = '/github/file_commands/set_env_f96f2c8f-6e40-4b84-ac7f-dea79478b74f'
#     RUNNER_ENVIRONMENT = 'github-hosted'
#     WORK_DIR = '/home/user/hostcwd'
#     HOME = '/home/user'
#     SRC_DIR = '/home/user/src'
#     RUNNER_TEMP = '/home/runner/work/_temp'
#     GITHUB_EVENT_PATH = '/github/workflow/event.json'
#     GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER = 'OuchenTech'
#     PYTHONUNBUFFERED = '1'
#     GITHUB_RETENTION_DAYS = '90'
#     GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER_ID = '163603034'
#     GITHUB_HEAD_REF = ''
#     GITHUB_GRAPHQL_URL = 'https://api.github.com/graphql'
#     HOME_DIR = '/home/user'
#     BUILDOZER_WARN_ON_ROOT = '0'
#     RUNNER_OS = 'Linux'
#     GITHUB_API_URL = 'https://api.github.com/'
#     ACTIONS_RUNTIME_URL = 'https://pipelinesghubeus25.actions.githubusercontent.com/yU4LP5bufG8FEAyw8pZ0VZCGR0O7ya0TIj0TlGAiE0tKQRjNOk/'
#     GITHUB_WORKFLOW = 'CI'
#     APP_ANDROID_ACCEPT_SDK_LICENSE = '1'
#     GITHUB_RUN_ID = '8442698033'
#     GITHUB_BASE_REF = ''
#     GITHUB_WORKFLOW_SHA = 'cc144e8f60e1a2154e66d18aab0a010ab76f380e'
#     GITHUB_REF_TYPE = 'branch'
#     GITHUB_ACTION_REPOSITORY = 'ArtemSBulgakov/buildozer-action'
#     GITHUB_WORKFLOW_REF = 'OuchenTech/Universal-Convert/.github/workflows/build.yml@refs/heads/main'
#     PATH = '/github/workspace/./.buildozer_global/android/platform/apache-ant-1.9.4/bin:/home/user/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin'
#     RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE = '/opt/hostedtoolcache'
#     GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER = '14'
#     GITHUB_TRIGGERING_ACTOR = 'OuchenTech'
#     GITHUB_ACTION = 'buildozer'
#     RUNNER_ARCH = 'X64'
#     LANG = 'en_US.UTF-8'
#     GITHUB_REPOSITORY = 'OuchenTech/Universal-Convert'
#     GITHUB_REF_NAME = 'main'
#     RUNNER_NAME = 'GitHub Actions 5'
#     INPUT_WORKDIR = '.'
#     GITHUB_ACTION_REF = 'v1'
#     GITHUB_ACTIONS = 'true'
#     GITHUB_REPOSITORY_ID = '774651071'
#     GITHUB_REF_PROTECTED = 'false'
#     BUILDOZER_BIN = './bin'
#     GITHUB_WORKSPACE = '/github/workspace'
#     ACTIONS_RESULTS_URL = 'https://results-receiver.actions.githubusercontent.com/'
#     INPUT_COMMAND = 'buildozer android debug'
#     GITHUB_JOB = 'build'
#     BUILDOZER_BUILD_DIR = './.buildozer'
#     GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT = '1'
#     GITHUB_SHA = 'cc144e8f60e1a2154e66d18aab0a010ab76f380e'
#     GITHUB_ACTOR = 'OuchenTech'
#     GITHUB_REF = 'refs/heads/main'
#     INPUT_BUILDOZER_VERSION = 'master'
#     GITHUB_PATH = '/github/file_commands/add_path_f96f2c8f-6e40-4b84-ac7f-dea79478b74f'
#     RUNNER_WORKSPACE = '/home/runner/work/Universal-Convert'
#     GITHUB_ACTOR_ID = '163603034'
#     LC_ALL = 'en_US.UTF-8'
#     PWD = '/github/workspace'
#     GITHUB_EVENT_NAME = 'push'
#     GITHUB_SERVER_URL = 'https://github.com/'
#     GITHUB_OUTPUT = '/github/file_commands/set_output_f96f2c8f-6e40-4b84-ac7f-dea79478b74f'
#     INPUT_REPOSITORY_ROOT = '.'
#     GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY = '/github/file_commands/step_summary_f96f2c8f-6e40-4b84-ac7f-dea79478b74f'
#     PACKAGES_PATH = '/github/workspace/./.buildozer_global/android/packages'
#     ANDROIDSDK = '/github/workspace/./.buildozer_global/android/platform/android-sdk'
#     ANDROIDNDK = '/github/workspace/./.buildozer_global/android/platform/android-ndk-r25b'
#     ANDROIDAPI = '31'
#     ANDROIDMINAPI = '21'
# 
# Buildozer failed to execute the last command
# The error might be hidden in the log above this error
# Please read the full log, and search for it before
# raising an issue with buildozer itself.
# In case of a bug report, please add a full log with log_level = 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/action/entrypoint.py", line 159, in <module>
    main()
  File "/action/entrypoint.py", line 27, in main
    run_command(env["INPUT_COMMAND"])
  File "/action/entrypoint.py", line 135, in run_command
    retcode = subprocess.check_call(command, shell=True)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/subprocess.py", line 364, in check_call
    raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command 'buildozer android debug' returned non-zero exit status 1.

[github-actions]

👋 @OuchenTech,
Sorry to hear you are having difficulties with Kivy's Buildozer; Kivy unites a number of different technologies, so building apps can be temperamental.
We try to use GitHub issues only to track work for developers to do to fix bugs and add new features to Buildozer. This issue has been closed, because it doesn't describe a bug or new feature request for Buildozer.
There is a mailing list and a Discord channel to support Kivy users debugging their own systems, which should be able to help. They are linked in the ReadMe.
Of course, if it turns out you have stumbled over a bug in Buildozer, we do want to hear about it here. The support channels should be able to help you craft an appropriate bug report.

[kurdemol94]

@misl6 did you find a solution? running into the same issue