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fio_scripts

Theses scripts are for facilitating running the I/O benchmark tool fio, parsing the fio data and graphing the output. There are a lot of I/O benchmarking tools out there, most noteably iozone and bonnie++, but fio seems to be the most flexible with the most active user community

NOTE: the scripts work on fio 2.0.7 but possibly not on other versions

files in this project

  • fio.sh - run a set of I/O benchmarks using fio

  • fioparse.sh - parse the output files from fio.sh runs

  • fio.r - create a function called graphit() in R

  • fiog.r - run graphit on different combinations of data from fioparse.sh

  • fiop.r - newer version of graphit that adds scaling info

  • fiopg.r - use to graph with the newer graphit in fiop.r

  • example data from fioparse.sh

    data_emc.r
    data_ssd.r
    data_pharos.r
    data_mem.r

NOTE: the scripts in this project require that you have already downloaded fio and compiled a binary of fio. The scripts also require version 2.0.7 of fio to work correctly.

Running fio.sh

First run fio.sh. The script fio.sh will run a series of I/O benchmarks. The series of I/O benchmarks are aimed at simulating the typical workload of an Oracle database. There are 3 types of I/O run

  • random small reads
  • sequential large reads
  • sequential writes

for each of these the number of users is varied and the I/O request size is varied.

usage: ./fio.sh  [options]

run a set of I/O benchmarks

OPTIONS:
   -h              Show this message
   -b  binary      name of fio binary, defaults to ./fio
   -w  directory   work directory where fio creates a fio and reads and writes, default /domain0/fiotest
   -o  directory   output directory, where to put output files, defaults to ./
   -t  tests       tests to run, defaults to all, options are
                      readrand - IOPS test : 8k by 1,8,16,32 users
                      read  - MB/s test : 1M by 1,8,16,32 users & 8k,32k,128k,1m by 1 user
                      write - redo test, ie sync seq writes : 1k, 4k, 8k, 128k, 1024k by 1 user
                      randrw   - workload test: 8k read write by 1,8,16,32 users
   -s  seconds     seconds to run each test for, default 60
   -m  megabytes   megabytes for the test I/O file to be used, default 65536 (ie 64G)
   -i              individual file per process, default size 100m (otherwise uses the -m size)
   -f              force run, ie don't ask for confirmation on options
   -c              force creation of work file otherwise if it exists we use it as is
   -u #users       test only use this many users
   -l blocksize    test only use this blocksize in KB, ie 1-1024
   -e recordsize   use this recordsize if/when creating the zfs file system, default 8K
   -d              Use DTrace on the run
   -x              remove work file after run
   -y              initialize raw devices to "-m megabytes" with writes
                   writes will be evenly written across multiple devices,  default is 64GB
   -z raw_sizes    size of each raw device. If multiple, colon separate, list inorder of raw_device
   -r raw_device   use raw device instead of file, multi devices colon separated

       example
                  fio.sh ./fio.opensolaris /domain0/fiotest  -t readrand -s 10 -m 1000 -f

Running fioparse.sh

Once the benchmarks have been run, use fioparse.sh to extract a consise set of statistics from the output files.

./fioparse.sh -v  *out
test  users size         MB       ms  IOPS    50us   1ms   4ms  10ms  20ms  50ms   .1s    1s    2s   2s+
    read  1   8K r   28.299    0.271  3622           99     0     0     0
    read  1  32K r   56.731    0.546  1815           97     1     1     0     0           0
    read  1 128K r   78.634    1.585   629           26    68     3     1     0           0
    read  1   1M r   91.763   10.890    91                 14    61    14     8     0     0
    read  8   1M r   50.784  156.160    50                              3    25    31    38     2
    read 16   1M r   52.895  296.290    52                              2    24    23    38    11
    read 32   1M r   55.120  551.610    55                              0    13    20    34    30
    read 64   1M r   58.072 1051.970    58                                    3     6    23    66     0
randread  1   8K r    0.176   44.370    22      0     1     5     2    15    42    20    10
randread  8   8K r    2.763   22.558   353            0     2    27    30    30     6     1
randread 16   8K r    3.284   37.708   420            0     2    23    28    27    11     6
randread 32   8K r    3.393   73.070   434                  1    20    24    25    12    15
randread 64   8K r    3.734  131.950   478                  1    17    16    18    11    33
   write  1   1K w    2.588    0.373  2650           98     1     0     0     0
   write  1   8K w   26.713    0.289  3419           99     0     0     0     0
   write  1 128K w   11.952   10.451    95           52    12    16     7    10     0     0           0
   write  4   1K w    6.684    0.581  6844           90     9     0     0     0     0
   write  4   8K w   15.513    2.003  1985           68    18    10     1     0     0     0
   write  4 128K w   34.005   14.647   272            0    34    13    25    22     3     0
   write 16   1K w    7.939    1.711  8130           45    52     0     0     0     0     0     0
   write 16   8K w   10.235   12.177  1310            5    42    27    15     5     2     0     0
   write 16 128K w   13.212  150.080   105                  0     0     3    10    55    26     0     2

The above output is for human consumption, but when run with "-r" the output will be given in R format:

./fioparse.sh -r *out

m <- NULL
m <- matrix(c(
    "read",  1,  "8K",  35.647,    0.217, 0.2,        8,    0.1, 4562 , 0, 0,92, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0.266,0.438,0.506,0.572,0.756,4.080
,    "read",  1, "32K",  98.439,    0.315, 0.1,       22,    0.2, 3150 , 0, 0, 4,94, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0.418,0.490,0.604,0.772,0.948,3.632
,    "read",  1,"128K", 223.127,    0.556, 0.3,       40,    0.3, 1785 , 0, 0, 0,21,78, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0.652,0.692,0.748,1.112,1.816,11.328
,    "read",  1,  "1M", 388.821,    2.567, 0.3,       16,    0.7,  388 , 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 1,93, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,2.768,3.376,4.832,10.432,15.424,16.192
,    "read",  8,  "1M", 265.195,   18.608, 0.3,       33,    5.8,  265 , 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 2, 0,19,71, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,21.376,22.144,24.448,29.056,29.568,33.536
,    "read", 16,  "1M", 239.514,   35.450, 3.0,       41,    6.0,  239 , 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4,94, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,38.144,38.656,38.656,41.728,41.728,41.728
,    "read", 32,  "1M", 288.621,   48.080, 0.3,       76,   26.3,  288 , 0, 0, 0,10, 0, 0, 3, 0, 5,24,54, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,74.240,75.264,75.264,75.264,76.288,77.312
,    "read", 64,  "1M", 326.718,   65.409, 0.3,      132,   43.0,  326 , 0, 0, 0,10, 1, 0, 2, 5, 1, 9,44,23, 0, 0, 0, 0,132.096,132.096,132.096,132.096,132.096,132.096
,"randread",  1,  "8K",  28.188,    0.274, 0.0,       19,    0.2, 3608 ,11,34, 2,44, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0.506,0.524,0.524,0.628,0.740,1.640
,"randread",  8,  "8K", 369.144,    0.166, 0.0,       12,    0.2,47250 , 0,63,20, 2,11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0.636,0.788,0.852,1.208,1.512,2.640
,"randread", 16,  "8K", 482.962,    0.254, 0.0,       16,    0.3,61819 , 0,20,57, 5,14, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0.820,1.192,1.784,4.128,5.408,9.024
,"randread", 32,  "8K", 511.212,    0.480, 0.0,       53,    0.9,65435 , 0,14,52, 6,15, 6, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,1.912,4.384,5.536,8.640,10.304,17.792
,"randread", 64,  "8K", 525.351,    0.904, 0.0,     1040,    6.6,67244 , 0, 8,47,11,16, 9, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,2.384,8.640,16.768,71.168,121.344,309.248
,   "write",  1,  "1K",  11.306,    0.084, 0.1,        2,    0.0,11577 , 0,91, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0.106,0.124,0.133,0.197,0.510,1.144
,   "write",  1,  "8K",  67.812,    0.113, 0.1,       15,    0.1, 8679 , 0,37,62, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0.149,0.183,0.205,0.964,0.988,1.128
,   "write",  1,"128K", 270.647,    0.458, 0.4,       22,    0.2, 2165 , 0, 0, 0,95, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0.478,1.160,1.192,1.272,1.448,6.304
,   "write",  4,  "1K",  27.946,    0.102, 0.1,       12,    0.1,28617 , 0,68,30, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0.147,0.193,0.213,0.980,1.080,1.384
,   "write",  4,  "8K", 145.804,    0.158, 0.1,       16,    0.1,18662 , 0, 0,96, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0.239,0.314,1.032,1.144,1.208,3.920
,   "write",  4,"128K", 373.462,    0.999, 0.4,       40,    0.7, 2987 , 0, 0, 0, 0,73,24, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,1.352,3.312,4.512,6.496,9.536,39.680
,   "write", 16,  "1K",  44.294,    0.195, 0.1,       30,    0.2,45357 , 0, 0,91, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0.306,0.422,0.572,1.336,2.224,5.472
,   "write", 16,  "8K", 210.676,    0.329, 0.1,       13,    0.3,26966 , 0, 0,42,51, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0.524,1.256,1.368,2.992,4.960,8.384
,   "write", 16,"128K", 317.903,    3.517, 0.4,       85,    5.1, 2543 , 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8,83, 5, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,4.576,38.144,43.264,55.552,58.624,62.720
),nrow=31)
tm <- t(m)
m <-tm
colnames <- c("name","users","bs","MB","lat","min","max","std","iops"
, "us50","us100","us250","us500","ms1","ms2","ms4","ms10","ms20"
, "ms50","ms100","ms250","ms500","s1","s2","s5"
,"p95_00", "p99_00", "p99_50", "p99_90", "p99_95", "p99_99"
)
colnames(m)=colnames
m <- data.frame(m)

Graphing in R

To get started with R see: http://scs.math.yorku.ca/index.php/R:_Getting_started_with_R QUICK START: To install R, you can go to http://cran.r-project.org/ and follow the instructions.

Start R and load up the above in R and it creates the dataframe "m"

> m
       name users   bs      MB    lat min  max   std  iops us50 us100 us250 us500 ms1 ms2 ms4 ms10 ms20 ms50 ms100 ms250 ms500 s1 s2 s5 p95_00 p99_00  p99_50   p99_90   p99_95   p99_99
1      read     1   8K   14.67  0.529 0.2    4   0.1  1877    0     0     3    26  70   0   0    0    0    0     0     0     0  0  0  0  0.644  0.708    0.74    1.032    1.416    3.152
2      read     1  32K   7.183  4.345 0.3  100   9.8   229    0     0     0    12  59   5   2    8    5    5     0     0     0  0  0  0  24.96  49.92  58.112   80.384   82.432    99.84
3      read     1 128K  13.277  9.408 0.6  222  17.3   106    0     0     0     0  29  32   2    8   10   13     2     0     0  0  0  0 41.728 80.384  90.624  166.912  222.208  222.208
4      read     1   1M  64.841  15.41   3  227  24.9    64    0     0     0     0   0   0  34   44    1   10     8     1     0  0  0  0     65    116     145      227      227      227
5      read     8   1M 129.512  38.45   3  395  48.7   129    0     0     0     0   0   0   0   30   33    5    18     9     0  0  0  0    139    219     265      306      396      396
6      read    16   1M 140.513  63.47   3  597  71.3   140    0     0     0     0   0   0  10   19    9    9    31    16     3  0  0  0    194    338     371      594      594      594
7      read    32   1M 179.886  96.23   3 1546 114.7   179    0     0     0     0   0   0   4   10   14    9    25    28     6  0  0  0    293    515     676     1483     1549     1549
8      read    64   1M 261.523  111.7   3 1270 114.6   261    0     0     0     0   0   0   0    1    7   32    15    32     8  1  0  0    318    545     685      857      865     1270
9  randread     1   8K   0.553 14.114 0.2  296  15.3    70    0     0     0     3  14   0   1   15   44   17     1     0     0  0  0  0 32.384  60.16  68.096   296.96   296.96   296.96
10 randread     8   8K    3.77 16.489 0.2  257  15.7   482    0     0     0     2   4   0   2   21   44   20     2     0     0  0  0  0 39.168 73.216  97.792  191.488   220.16  257.024
11 randread    16   8K   6.628 18.684 0.2  285    18   848    0     0     0     2   4   0   2   18   40   27     3     0     0  0  0  0 46.848 87.552 117.248  201.728  238.592  284.672
12 randread    32   8K   8.957   27.3 0.2  377  22.5  1146    0     0     0     0   0   0   1    8   32   48     7     1     0  0  0  0     65    117     143      241      306      367
13 randread    64   8K   9.989 44.843 0.2  348    24  1278    0     0     0     0   0   0   0    0    5   64    26     2     0  0  0  0     85    137     161      258      281      310
14    write     1   1K    1.51  0.643 0.2  106     2  1546    0     0     2    25  71   0   0    0    0    0     0     0     0  0  0  0  0.716  1.032    4.64    24.96   38.656  102.912
15    write     1   8K  13.922  0.557 0.2    4   0.1  1782    0     0     0    27  71   0   0    0    0    0     0     0     0  0  0  0  0.708  0.844   0.908    1.416    1.816    4.048
16    write     1 128K  62.081  2.009 0.7  547   8.4   496    0     0     0     0  39  51   0    5    2    0     0     0     0  0  0  0   9.92 10.176  20.096   40.192    49.92  544.768
17    write     4   1K   6.694  0.434 0.1  283   2.1  6855    0     0    26    54  18   0   0    0    0    0     0     0     0  0  0  0    0.7  0.828   1.384   15.296   23.424   71.168
18    write     4   8K  56.823  0.409 0.2    8   0.1  7273    0     0     1    88   9   0   0    0    0    0     0     0     0  0  0  0  0.692  0.788   0.852    1.848     2.48     4.32
19    write     4 128K  63.777  4.002 0.7 4650  95.1   510    0     0     0     0   8  84   0    3    2    0     0     0     0  0  0  0   9.92  19.84  20.352   40.192    49.92 4620.288
20    write    16   1K  14.483    0.6 0.2  815   3.7 14831    0     0     8    78  10   0   0    0    0    0     0     0     0  0  0  0  0.708   5.92  12.224   33.536    47.36  124.416
21    write    16   8K 179.438  0.387 0.2  691     2 22968    0     0     0    95   2   0   0    0    0    0     0     0     0  0  0  0  0.454  0.644   0.804     9.92    19.84   40.192
22    write    16 128K   67.58 16.606 0.7 5325 227.1   540    0     0     0     0   0   1  84    3    4    4     0     0     0  0  0  0 20.096  49.92   60.16 5341.184 5341.184 5341.184

In R we can now source "fio.r" which creates a function "graphit(m)"

source("fio.r")        # create the graphit() function
source("data_ssd.r")   # load some fio data, data_ssd.r is provided in github distro
graphit(m)             # graph the data
source("fiog.r")       # this will graph various combinations and save the png files 
                       # to C:\temp
                       # the graphs will be for readrand, read and write tests
                       # the graphs will graph different user loads and I/O sizes in the data

By default it will graph 8K random reads. If you source "fiog.r" it will run through a series of different combinations graphing them and saving the output. The output is save to png files in the directory C:\TMP

Example data files are included

  • data_emc.r
  • data_ssd.r
  • data_pharos.r
  • data_mem.r

collected from different systems. The EMC data is one single spindle. The pharos data is striped but shared filer. THe ssd data is from two striped SSD devices. The mem data is from using /tmp where /tmp is a memory filesystem. In order to graph these datasets, simple source them

source("data_ssd.r")

Then graph them

source("fiog.r")

NOTE: to source files they have to be in R's working directory. You can get the working directory with

getwd()

you can set working directory with

setwd("C:\\Temp\\")

for example to set it to C:\Temp if the data is in a csv file you can load it with

    m <- read.csv("data_ssd.csv")

GRAPH Examples:

https://sites.google.com/site/oraclemonitor/i-o-graphics#TOC-Percentile-Latency

Running fiop.r and fiopg.r

new set of graphs with fiop.r version of graphit(). Use fiopg.r to create a set of graphs from a data set. for example

source("fiop.r")
source("data_emc.r")
source("fiopg.r")

Each PNG file will have 3 graphs

  1. latency on a log scale
  2. latency on a base 10 scale
  3. throughout MB/s

1: the log scale latency has several parts

Four lines:

  1. max latency - dashed red line
  2. 99% latency - top of light grey shaded area
  3. 95% latency - top of dark grey shaded area
  4. avg latency - black line

Plus:

  • back ground is barchaerts, 0 percent at bottom to 100% at top

      light blue % of I/Os below 1ms - probably some sort of cache read
      green % of I/Os below 10ms
      yellow % of I/Os over 10ms
    
  • histograms of latency buckets

    at each user load level, color coded. Each bugkets height (horizontal) is % of I/Os in that bucket like a fine grain breakdown of the background

  1. base 10 latency

   shows the average latency - black line
   the background is a type of scalling factor
                blue means latency actually gets faster from one point to next
                light red means it gets slower
                darker red means latency gets slower and throughput actually decreases
        the hight of these bars is     (ratio of increase in latency)  / ratio of increase in users )
        for example if  1user was 1ms and 8 users was 8ms then that would be  (8users/1user)/(8ms/1ms)
  1. the throughput bar chart, shows MB/s

the bars are color code with amount percentage of throughput that had a latency of that color where colors
are in the right hand axis legend in top graph the latency on log scale

see:

https://sites.google.com/site/oraclemonitor/i-o-graphics#TOC-percentile-latency-with-scaling

New Graphics

a new version of the function graphit() is created by fiop.r and fiopg.r will go through a set of I/O data and print out variouis graphs of the data.

Examples of the graphs are on

https://plus.google.com/photos/105986002174480058008/albums/5773655476406055489?authkey=CIvKiJnA2eXSbQ

A visual explanation is here

https://plus.google.com/photos/105986002174480058008/albums/5773661884246310993

A Summary of the graph contents is:

The charts are mainly for exploring the data as opposed to a polished final graph showing I/O performance

A quick recap of the graphics: There are 3 graphs

  1. latency on log graph
  2. latency on base 10 graph
  3. throughput bar charts

On the log latency graph latency is shown for

  • max latency - dashed red line
  • average latency - solid black line
  • 95% latency - dash black line with grey fill between 95% and average
  • 99% latency - dash black line with light grey fill between 95% and 99% latency
  • latency histogram - buckets represent % of I/Os for that latency.Each bucket is drawn at the y axis height that represents that latency. The buckets are also color coded to help more quickly identify
  • background color - for each load test the background is coded one of 3 colors.
  • ... yellow - % of I/Os over 10ms
  • ... green - % of I/Os under 10ms
  • ... blue - % of I/Os under 1ms

the idea being that the graphs should have all green. If the backgrounds are yellow then the I/Os are slow. If the backgrounds are blue then the I/Os represent a certain about of cached reads as opposed to physical spindle reads.

The second graph is latency on base 10 in order to more easily see the slopes of the increasing I/O latency with load. On this second graph is also a bar chart in the background. The bars are color coded

  • dark red - latency increased and throughput decreases
  • light red - latency increased but throughput also increased
  • light blue - latency actually got faster (shouldn't happen but does)

Ideally the bars are so small they aren't visible which means latency stays the same as load increases. The higher the bar the more the latency changed between tests

The third chart is simply the throughput, ie the MB/s. These bars have slices that represent the percentage of the I/O at the latency that corresponds to that color. The colors are defined in the legend of the top chart.

.

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scripts for running fio, parsing the data and graphing the output

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