Upgrade: Python 3.12 and Migrate Package Management to 'uv'

[mbsantiago]

This pull request introduces two key enhancements to our development environment:

• We're transitioning our Python package management to uv, replacing rye. uv is endorsed by the rye developers and aligns with our goal of streamlining development tools.
• We're upgrading our Python version from 3.11 to 3.12. With broader support for 3.12 across critical dependencies and the performance gains it offers, particularly in asyncio, this upgrade will positively impact FastAPI and, consequently, Whombat's performance.

Additional Changes:

• The documentation has been updated to reflect the use of uv.
• GitHub workflows have been adjusted for uv and Python 3.12.
• All dependencies have been upgraded to their latest versions.
• Thorough testing has been conducted to ensure compatibility with these changes.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 59.82%. Comparing base (72d0fad) to head (a326a20).
Report is 17 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main      #28   +/-   ##
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  Coverage   59.82%   59.82%           
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  Files         171      171           
  Lines        7636     7636           
=======================================
  Hits         4568     4568           
  Misses       3068     3068           

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